D003 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Special Education - a set of unique educational services and supports provided to students with
disabilities who meet particular disability criteria; these may include services provided in
separate settings or services provided in settings comprising both students with and without
disabilities
Inclusive education - refers to educational approaches that facilitate learning of all students,
including those with and without disabilities, within the same environment
Differentiated Instruction - Matching instruction to meet the different needs of learners in a
given classroom.
Observations - include watching a student, both formally and informally, to gather information
about behavior
test - is meant to be competent for each person taking it
record review - is a detailed review of a students medical and academic records. These are
useful for documenting when a problem first appears
interview - how teachers gain information about students from others who know the student
(parents, etc.)
native language testing - allows the student to take the test in their primary language.
Directions and responses are in native language
interpreter - translates the instructions and test items into the students native language
denial - if a tester proceeds with a test in English, even though the student may not be
proficient in English, can also be accompanied by coercion
nonverbal test - one that does not rely on language
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (PL 93-112) - It is illegal to deny participation in
activities or benefits of programs, or to in any way discriminate against a person with a disability
solely because of the disability. Individuals with disabilities must have equal access to programs
and services. Auxiliary aids must be provided to individuals with impaired speaking, manual, or
sensory skills.
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (PL 93-380) - Educational agencies that accept
federal funding must grant parents the opportunity to inspect and challenge student records, as
well as require parent consent for release of identifiable data. Once the child turns 18, these
rights are transferred to the child
,Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (PL 94-142) - Students with disabilities have
the right to a free, appropriate public education. Schools must have on file an individualized
education program for each student determined to be eligible for services under the act.
Parents have the right to inspect school records on their children. When changes are made in a
student's educational placement or program, parents must be informed. Parents have the right
to challenge what is in records or to challenge changes in placement. Students with disabilities
have the right to be educated in the least restrictive educational environment. Students with
disabilities must be assessed in ways that are considered fair and nondiscriminatory. They have
specific protections
Education for All Handicapped Children Act 1986 Amendments (PL 99-457) - All rights of the
Education for All Handicapped Children Act are extended to preschoolers with disabilities. Each
school district must conduct a multidisciplinary assessment and develop an individualized family
service plan for each preschool child with a disability.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (PL 101-476) - This act reauthorizes the
Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Two new disability categories (traumatic brain
injury and autism) are added to the definition of students with disabilities. A comprehensive
definition of transition services is added.
1990 Americans with Disabilities Act - Guarantees equal opportunity to individuals with
disabilities in employment, public services, transportation, state and local government services,
and telecommunications
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 1997 Amendments - requires every state to have in
effect policies and procedures to ensure a free appropriate public education (FAPE) for all
students with disabilities.
Elementary and Secondary Education Act 2001 (NCLB PL107-110) - - Targeted resources are
provided to help ensure that disadvantaged students have access to a quality public education
(Title I funds). The act aims to maximize student learning, provide for teacher development, and
enhance school system capacity.
- The act requires states and districts to report on annual yearly progress for all students,
including students with disabilities. The act provides increased flexibility to districts in exchange
for increased accountability. The act gives parents whose children attend schools on state
"failing schools list" for two years the right to transfer their children to another school.
- Students in "failing schools" for three years are eligible for supplemental education services
IDEA 2004 Reauthorization - -maximum access to general curriculum
-Teach skills to compensate later in life when inclusion not best choice.
, -Assistive technology does not include surgically implanted devices.
- New approaches are introduced to prevent overidentification by race or ethnicity. States must
have measurable annual objectives for students with disabilities.
- Districts are not required to use severe discrepancy between ability and achievement in
identifying students with learning disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act 2008 Amendments - This act further defines and clarifies criteria
necessary for determining whether a student has a disability under ADA and Section 504
due process - Specifically, when a decision affecting identification, evaluation, or placement of a
student with disabilities is to be made, the student's parents or guardians must be given both
the opportunity to be heard and the right to have an impartial due process hearing to resolve
conflicting opinions.
multitiered system of support (MTSS) - A system-wide approach to providing evidence-based
instruction using a three-tiered model based on the needs of each child. It involves continuous
monitoring of student progress in making decisions regarding the frequency and intensity of
instruction.
Tier 1 of MTSS - All students: Standards-aligned core curriculum; Universal screening;
Differentiation of instruction; Data teaming (for all Tiers)
Tier 2 of MTSS - Some Students:
Strategic intervention based on screening data; Research based, standard-protocol
interventions; Supplemental instruction in small groups; Biweekly progress monitoring
Tier 3 of MTSS - Few Students:
Intensive interventions based on drill-down assessments; Research- based, customized
interventions; Supplemental instruction in small groups; Weekly progress monitoring
Response to Intervention (RTI) - an educational strategy intended to help children who
demonstrate below-average achievement in early grades, using special intervention
intervention goals - goals that are set based on the performance level of peers at grade-level
Benchmark - the minimum level of competence and indicates the level of growth needed
Progress Monitoring - One of the first steps in the RTI Process, and is used to assess student
progress or performance in those areas in which they were identifies by universal screening as
being at-risk of failure
approaches used for progress monitoring - - Involve direct measurement of basic skills
Special Education - a set of unique educational services and supports provided to students with
disabilities who meet particular disability criteria; these may include services provided in
separate settings or services provided in settings comprising both students with and without
disabilities
Inclusive education - refers to educational approaches that facilitate learning of all students,
including those with and without disabilities, within the same environment
Differentiated Instruction - Matching instruction to meet the different needs of learners in a
given classroom.
Observations - include watching a student, both formally and informally, to gather information
about behavior
test - is meant to be competent for each person taking it
record review - is a detailed review of a students medical and academic records. These are
useful for documenting when a problem first appears
interview - how teachers gain information about students from others who know the student
(parents, etc.)
native language testing - allows the student to take the test in their primary language.
Directions and responses are in native language
interpreter - translates the instructions and test items into the students native language
denial - if a tester proceeds with a test in English, even though the student may not be
proficient in English, can also be accompanied by coercion
nonverbal test - one that does not rely on language
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (PL 93-112) - It is illegal to deny participation in
activities or benefits of programs, or to in any way discriminate against a person with a disability
solely because of the disability. Individuals with disabilities must have equal access to programs
and services. Auxiliary aids must be provided to individuals with impaired speaking, manual, or
sensory skills.
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (PL 93-380) - Educational agencies that accept
federal funding must grant parents the opportunity to inspect and challenge student records, as
well as require parent consent for release of identifiable data. Once the child turns 18, these
rights are transferred to the child
,Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (PL 94-142) - Students with disabilities have
the right to a free, appropriate public education. Schools must have on file an individualized
education program for each student determined to be eligible for services under the act.
Parents have the right to inspect school records on their children. When changes are made in a
student's educational placement or program, parents must be informed. Parents have the right
to challenge what is in records or to challenge changes in placement. Students with disabilities
have the right to be educated in the least restrictive educational environment. Students with
disabilities must be assessed in ways that are considered fair and nondiscriminatory. They have
specific protections
Education for All Handicapped Children Act 1986 Amendments (PL 99-457) - All rights of the
Education for All Handicapped Children Act are extended to preschoolers with disabilities. Each
school district must conduct a multidisciplinary assessment and develop an individualized family
service plan for each preschool child with a disability.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (PL 101-476) - This act reauthorizes the
Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Two new disability categories (traumatic brain
injury and autism) are added to the definition of students with disabilities. A comprehensive
definition of transition services is added.
1990 Americans with Disabilities Act - Guarantees equal opportunity to individuals with
disabilities in employment, public services, transportation, state and local government services,
and telecommunications
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 1997 Amendments - requires every state to have in
effect policies and procedures to ensure a free appropriate public education (FAPE) for all
students with disabilities.
Elementary and Secondary Education Act 2001 (NCLB PL107-110) - - Targeted resources are
provided to help ensure that disadvantaged students have access to a quality public education
(Title I funds). The act aims to maximize student learning, provide for teacher development, and
enhance school system capacity.
- The act requires states and districts to report on annual yearly progress for all students,
including students with disabilities. The act provides increased flexibility to districts in exchange
for increased accountability. The act gives parents whose children attend schools on state
"failing schools list" for two years the right to transfer their children to another school.
- Students in "failing schools" for three years are eligible for supplemental education services
IDEA 2004 Reauthorization - -maximum access to general curriculum
-Teach skills to compensate later in life when inclusion not best choice.
, -Assistive technology does not include surgically implanted devices.
- New approaches are introduced to prevent overidentification by race or ethnicity. States must
have measurable annual objectives for students with disabilities.
- Districts are not required to use severe discrepancy between ability and achievement in
identifying students with learning disabilities.
Americans with Disabilities Act 2008 Amendments - This act further defines and clarifies criteria
necessary for determining whether a student has a disability under ADA and Section 504
due process - Specifically, when a decision affecting identification, evaluation, or placement of a
student with disabilities is to be made, the student's parents or guardians must be given both
the opportunity to be heard and the right to have an impartial due process hearing to resolve
conflicting opinions.
multitiered system of support (MTSS) - A system-wide approach to providing evidence-based
instruction using a three-tiered model based on the needs of each child. It involves continuous
monitoring of student progress in making decisions regarding the frequency and intensity of
instruction.
Tier 1 of MTSS - All students: Standards-aligned core curriculum; Universal screening;
Differentiation of instruction; Data teaming (for all Tiers)
Tier 2 of MTSS - Some Students:
Strategic intervention based on screening data; Research based, standard-protocol
interventions; Supplemental instruction in small groups; Biweekly progress monitoring
Tier 3 of MTSS - Few Students:
Intensive interventions based on drill-down assessments; Research- based, customized
interventions; Supplemental instruction in small groups; Weekly progress monitoring
Response to Intervention (RTI) - an educational strategy intended to help children who
demonstrate below-average achievement in early grades, using special intervention
intervention goals - goals that are set based on the performance level of peers at grade-level
Benchmark - the minimum level of competence and indicates the level of growth needed
Progress Monitoring - One of the first steps in the RTI Process, and is used to assess student
progress or performance in those areas in which they were identifies by universal screening as
being at-risk of failure
approaches used for progress monitoring - - Involve direct measurement of basic skills
