TEST BANK
Applied Pathophysiology
A Conceptual Approach
JUDI NATH, CARIE BRAUN, CINDY ANDERSON
4th Edition
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Chapter 2: Altered Cells and Tissues
Chapter 3: Inflammation and Tissue Inflammation and Tissue
Chapter 4: Altered Immunity
Chapter 5: Infection
Chapter 6: Genetic and Developmental Disorders
Chapter 7: Altered Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation
Chapter 8: Altered Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Chapter 9: Altered Acid±Base Balance
Chapter 10: Altered Neural Function
Chapter 11: Altered Mood: Attention: and Behavior
Chapter 12: Altered Somatic and Special Sensory Function
Chapter 13: Altered Hormonal and Metabolic Regulation
Chapter 14: Altered Reproductive Function
Chapter 15: Altered Ventilation and Diffusion
Chapter 16: Altered Perfusion
Chapter 17: Altered Nutrition
Chapter 18: Altered Elimination
Chapter 19: Degenerative Changes in Aging
Chapter 20: Integrated Pathophysiologic Concepts
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
1. Which term is defined as the study of the mechanisms of
human body functioning?
a. Pathology
b. Physiology
c. Anatomy
d. Pathophysiology
ANS: B
Feedback: Physiology is the study of the mechanisms of
human body functioning. Pathology is the study of
changes in cells and tissues as a result of injury or disease.
Anatomy is the study of body structures. Pathophysiology
is the study of mechanisms of disease.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2,
Defining Pathophysiology OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological
Adaptation TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated
Process: Teaching/Learning BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember
NOT: Multiple Choice
2. Which statement best describes the health±illness continuum?
a. It is a dynamic entity.
b. It is based on objective data.
c. It represents two exclusive categories.
d. It is focused on physical well-being.
ANS: A
Feedback: Health and illness are part of a dynamic continuum. It is based RQRQH¶s
perceptions and is subjective. There are a variety of descriptions one can use along the
continuum to describe their current state. These range from ³extremely healthy´ to
³extremely LOO´ Because it is a dynamic continuum, it represents more than two exclusive
categories. The health±illness continuum includes the body, mind, and spirit, not just
physical well-being.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Individual Health
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
3. Which concept is often equated with health?
a. Homeostasis
b. Disease
c. Objectivity
d. An uneventful physical examination
ANS: A
Page 3
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
Feedback: Homeostasis is an important body goal and is often reflected in the client¶s
perception of the health±illness continuum. Disease is the functional impairment of cells,
tissues, organs, or organ systems. Because health is reflected in the cOLHQW¶s perception of the
health±illness continuum, it is subjective, not objective. An uneventful physical examination
would only be on aspect of health. The health±illness continuum includes the body, mind,
and spirit.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Individual Health
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
4. Which term is defined as the functional impairment of cells, tissues, organs, or organ
systems?
a. Injury
b. Pathophysiology
c. Disease
d. Syndrome
ANS: C
Feedback: Disease is defined as the functional impairment of cells, tissues, organs, or organ
systems. Injury causes changes to cells, pathophysiology refers to the study of mechanisms
of disease, and syndrome is used to describe specific conditions with predictive patterns.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 5, Population Health
OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
5. The nurse is planning education on the importance of wearing a helmet when riding a bike.
What level of prevention is the nurse describing?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quaternary
ANS: A
Feedback: Primary prevention, such as wearing a bike helmet focuses on protecting people
from developing a disease or injury. Secondary prevention is the early detection of disease
through screening and early treatment. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation after
diagnosis of a disease or injury. Quaternary prevention relates to overmedicalization.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 5, Disease Prevention
OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
6. A nurse in a rehabilitation unit is assisting a client who has had a stroke with relearning how
to perform activities of daily living. What level of prevention is the nurse implementing?
Page 4
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quaternary
ANS: C
Feedback: Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation after diagnosis of a disease or
injury, such as rehabilitation following a stroke. Primary prevention focuses on protecting
people from developing a disease or injury. Secondary prevention is the early detection of
disease through screening and early treatment. Quaternary prevention relates to
overmedicalization.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 5, Disease Prevention
OBJ: 2 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
7. What term describes how a disease starts and develops, from onset to the point when the
disease presents itself?
a. Etiology
b. Pathophysiology
c. Pathogenesis
d. Pathology
ANS: C
Feedback: Pathogenesis is the term to describe how a disease starts and develops, from
onset to the point when the disease presents itself. Etiology refers to the precise cause of a
disease. Pathophysiology is the term used to define the mechanisms of human body
functioning. Pathology refers to studying the causes and effects of disease.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Pathogenesis OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance TOP: Chapter: 1
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
8. A client has been diagnosed with an illness and no one is sure of the cause. What term
describes this condition?
a. Idiopathic
b. Iatrogenic
c. Nosocomial
d. Etiologic
ANS: A
Feedback: Idiopathic is the term used to describe disease with an unknown etiology.
Iatrogenic disease is inadvertently caused by medical treatment. Nosocomial disease results
from exposure in the healthcare environment. Etiologic disease has a precise cause.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Etiology OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance TOP: Chapter: 1
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
Page 5
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
9. The nurse is caring for a client with a family history of cardiovascular disease. Which
finding would the nurse document as a symptom of cardiovascular disease?
a. Chest pain
b. Elevated heart rate
c. Fever
d. Obesity
ANS: A
Feedback: Symptoms are indicators that are reported by the ill individual and are considered
the subjective manifestations because they cannot be directly observed by the practitioner.
Heart rate, fever, and weight can all be measured by the provider. Chest pain is subjective
and would be described by the client.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Clinical Manifestations
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
10. What term describes the signs and symptoms associated with disease?
a. Clinical manifestations
b. Precipitating factors
c. Insidious
d. Subacute
ANS: A
Feedback: Clinical manifestations include signs and symptoms associated with disease.
Precipitating factors, also called triggers, promote the onset of clinical manifestations.
Insidious is used to describe clinical manifestations that do not have a clear onset. Subacute
refers to diseases with severity and duration that falls between acute and chronic.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Clinical Manifestations
OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
11. Which assessment is effective in detecting asymptomatic disease?
a. Client history
b. Screening tests
c. Family pedigree
d. Observation
ANS: B
Feedback: Screening tests are often used to identify disease that does not present with signs
and symptoms. Family pedigree, observation, and eliciting client history are not used to
identify asymptomatic disease. They may be used to collect data and determine the need for
further screening but alone are not effective in detecting disease.
Page 6
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Clinical Manifestations
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
12. Which symptom is considered a local manifestation associated with a paper cut?
a. Fever
b. Pain
c. Headache
d. Hypertension
ANS: B
Feedback: Local refers to those manifestations that are found directly at the site of disease
and are confined to that specific area. Pain would be considered a local manifestation
associated with a paper cut. The other signs and symptoms listed refer to systemic
manifestations.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Clinical Manifestations
OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
13. Which symptom is a systemic manifestation of influenza?
a. Fever
b. Chest pain
c. Cough
d. Runny nose
ANS: A
Feedback: Systemic manifestations present throughout the body and are not confined to one
area. Fever would be an example of a systemic manifestation. The other options are
manifestations that occur directly at the site; these are considered local manifestations.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Clinical Manifestations
OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
14. Which term indicates the forecast or prediction of how an individual will proceed through
the disease process?
a. Morbidity
b. Prognosis
c. Metastasis
d. Remission
ANS: B
Page 7
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
Feedback: The prognosis for a client is the forecast or prediction of how the individual will
proceed through the disease process. Morbidity is a negative outcome of disease that affects
quality of life. Metastasis refers to the spread of disease from one part of the body to
another. Remission refers to the reduction or disappearance of signs and symptoms
associated with a disease.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 3, Diagnosis and Treatment
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
15. While reviewing the history of a new client to the clinic, the nurse notes a strong family
history of cardiac disease. To focus on minimizing this disease, which topic(s)/factor(s) will
the nurse¶s educational focus be during this visit? Select all that apply.
a. Analyzing typical dietary intake
b. Controlling weight
c. Encouraging activity
d. Having the client discuss genetics with family
e. Maintaining blood pressure within normal limits
f. Focusing on a high-protein diet with minimal carbohydrates
ANS: A, B, C, E
Feedback: The presence of select risk factors increases a person¶s chances of developing
coronary heart disease. Modifiable (therefore teachable topics) factors include elevated
blood cholesterol level, elevated blood pressure, cigarette smoking, obesity, and sedentary
lifestyle. Nonmodifiable factors that cannot be changed by behavior include RQH¶s genetic
predisposition, family history, and gender. A high-protein with low-carbohydrate diet does
not necessarily align with dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), because many
sources of protein are also high in fat and calories.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Understanding Pathophysiology
OBJ: 3 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
16. Which nurse¶s statement best demonstrates understanding of the phrase, ³People should not
be defined by their pathophysiology?´
a. ³My fractured tibia client in room ´
b. ³7Ke skull fracture child in room number 4.´
c. ³7Ke client admitted with uncontrolled hypertensLRQ´
d. ³7Ke alcoholic client who has cirrhosis´
ANS: C
Feedback: An important thing to keep in mind when caring for individual clients is that
people should not be defined by their pathophysiology. Calling a client by their disease state
ignores the holistic physical, spiritual, emotional, and psychological components that
comprise all of us. Health professionals should avoid calling clients ³alcoholics´Rr
³Iractured tibia client in URRP´ and replace these labels with ³the client with alcohol use
disRUGHU´ oU³WKHFOLHQWLQURRP with a fraFWXUHGWLELD´
Page 8
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Applying Pathophysiology
OBJ: 3
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
17. The current statistics show that a U.S. state has 8,746 cases of an acute disease per 100,000
people. This number represents which epidemiologic finding?
a. Incidence
b. Morbidity
c. Prevalence
d. Homeostasis
ANS: A
Feedback: Health statistics are an important aspect of population-focused healthcare.
Incidence is the number of new cases within a given time. Incidence represents the
probability that a disease will occur in a certain population. Prevalence is the number or
percentage of a population living with a particular disease at a given time. Morbidity refers
to having a disease or a symptom of disease, or to the amount of disease within a
population. Homeostasis is the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between
interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiologic processes.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Applying Pathophysiology
OBJ: 5 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
18. The community health nurse provides a community clinic to provide education on proper
infant car seat installation. Which type of disease prevention is the nurse practicing?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Mandatory
ANS: A
Feedback: Disease prevention may be described as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary
prevention prohibits a disease from occurring (i.e., proper installation of an infant car seat to
prevent injury in case of a vehicle accident). Secondary prevention is the early detection of
disease through screening and early treatment (i.e., annual screening for breast cancer).
Tertiary prevention is rehabilitation of a client after detection of disease (i.e., physical
therapy after stroke). Disease prevention is not mandatory; however, reporting of specific
diseases is mandated by law for the purpose of preventing spread of those diseases.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Applying Pathophysiology
OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
19. What is epigenetics?
a. The study of how genetics began
Page 9
, Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
b. The study of epidemiology and genetics
c. The study of genetic control by factors other than DNA sequencing
d. The study of DNA sequencing and its impact on genetic control
ANS: C
Feedback: Epigenetics is the study of genetic control by factors other than DNA sequencing.
Epigenetics controls the ³RQ´and ³RII´switch of genes and which proteins are transcribed.
The other answer choices do not reflect the definition of epigenetics.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Applying Pathophysiology
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
20. Which example best represents pathogenesis of disease?
a. Venous thrombosis leading to myocardial infarction
b. Increased rates of stroke in those with hypertension
c. The rate of influenza spread at any given time
d. Liver cell destruction occurring long before cirrhosis of the liver
ANS: D
Feedback: Pathogenesis is best defined as the beginning of disease. It encompasses the time
of when the disease process begins to the point of manifestation of the disease. Destruction
of the liver cells long before cirrhosis is an example of pathogenesis. Incidence is the rate of
occurrence of a disease at any given time. Etiology is the cause of a particular disease. Risk
factors are those factors which increase the chance of a client having a disease.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Understanding Pathophysiology
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
Page 10
Applied Pathophysiology
A Conceptual Approach
JUDI NATH, CARIE BRAUN, CINDY ANDERSON
4th Edition
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Chapter 2: Altered Cells and Tissues
Chapter 3: Inflammation and Tissue Inflammation and Tissue
Chapter 4: Altered Immunity
Chapter 5: Infection
Chapter 6: Genetic and Developmental Disorders
Chapter 7: Altered Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation
Chapter 8: Altered Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Chapter 9: Altered Acid±Base Balance
Chapter 10: Altered Neural Function
Chapter 11: Altered Mood: Attention: and Behavior
Chapter 12: Altered Somatic and Special Sensory Function
Chapter 13: Altered Hormonal and Metabolic Regulation
Chapter 14: Altered Reproductive Function
Chapter 15: Altered Ventilation and Diffusion
Chapter 16: Altered Perfusion
Chapter 17: Altered Nutrition
Chapter 18: Altered Elimination
Chapter 19: Degenerative Changes in Aging
Chapter 20: Integrated Pathophysiologic Concepts
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
1. Which term is defined as the study of the mechanisms of
human body functioning?
a. Pathology
b. Physiology
c. Anatomy
d. Pathophysiology
ANS: B
Feedback: Physiology is the study of the mechanisms of
human body functioning. Pathology is the study of
changes in cells and tissues as a result of injury or disease.
Anatomy is the study of body structures. Pathophysiology
is the study of mechanisms of disease.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2,
Defining Pathophysiology OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological
Adaptation TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated
Process: Teaching/Learning BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember
NOT: Multiple Choice
2. Which statement best describes the health±illness continuum?
a. It is a dynamic entity.
b. It is based on objective data.
c. It represents two exclusive categories.
d. It is focused on physical well-being.
ANS: A
Feedback: Health and illness are part of a dynamic continuum. It is based RQRQH¶s
perceptions and is subjective. There are a variety of descriptions one can use along the
continuum to describe their current state. These range from ³extremely healthy´ to
³extremely LOO´ Because it is a dynamic continuum, it represents more than two exclusive
categories. The health±illness continuum includes the body, mind, and spirit, not just
physical well-being.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Individual Health
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
3. Which concept is often equated with health?
a. Homeostasis
b. Disease
c. Objectivity
d. An uneventful physical examination
ANS: A
Page 3
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
Feedback: Homeostasis is an important body goal and is often reflected in the client¶s
perception of the health±illness continuum. Disease is the functional impairment of cells,
tissues, organs, or organ systems. Because health is reflected in the cOLHQW¶s perception of the
health±illness continuum, it is subjective, not objective. An uneventful physical examination
would only be on aspect of health. The health±illness continuum includes the body, mind,
and spirit.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Individual Health
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
4. Which term is defined as the functional impairment of cells, tissues, organs, or organ
systems?
a. Injury
b. Pathophysiology
c. Disease
d. Syndrome
ANS: C
Feedback: Disease is defined as the functional impairment of cells, tissues, organs, or organ
systems. Injury causes changes to cells, pathophysiology refers to the study of mechanisms
of disease, and syndrome is used to describe specific conditions with predictive patterns.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 5, Population Health
OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
5. The nurse is planning education on the importance of wearing a helmet when riding a bike.
What level of prevention is the nurse describing?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quaternary
ANS: A
Feedback: Primary prevention, such as wearing a bike helmet focuses on protecting people
from developing a disease or injury. Secondary prevention is the early detection of disease
through screening and early treatment. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation after
diagnosis of a disease or injury. Quaternary prevention relates to overmedicalization.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 5, Disease Prevention
OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
6. A nurse in a rehabilitation unit is assisting a client who has had a stroke with relearning how
to perform activities of daily living. What level of prevention is the nurse implementing?
Page 4
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quaternary
ANS: C
Feedback: Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation after diagnosis of a disease or
injury, such as rehabilitation following a stroke. Primary prevention focuses on protecting
people from developing a disease or injury. Secondary prevention is the early detection of
disease through screening and early treatment. Quaternary prevention relates to
overmedicalization.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 5, Disease Prevention
OBJ: 2 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
7. What term describes how a disease starts and develops, from onset to the point when the
disease presents itself?
a. Etiology
b. Pathophysiology
c. Pathogenesis
d. Pathology
ANS: C
Feedback: Pathogenesis is the term to describe how a disease starts and develops, from
onset to the point when the disease presents itself. Etiology refers to the precise cause of a
disease. Pathophysiology is the term used to define the mechanisms of human body
functioning. Pathology refers to studying the causes and effects of disease.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Pathogenesis OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance TOP: Chapter: 1
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
8. A client has been diagnosed with an illness and no one is sure of the cause. What term
describes this condition?
a. Idiopathic
b. Iatrogenic
c. Nosocomial
d. Etiologic
ANS: A
Feedback: Idiopathic is the term used to describe disease with an unknown etiology.
Iatrogenic disease is inadvertently caused by medical treatment. Nosocomial disease results
from exposure in the healthcare environment. Etiologic disease has a precise cause.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Etiology OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance TOP: Chapter: 1
KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
Page 5
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
9. The nurse is caring for a client with a family history of cardiovascular disease. Which
finding would the nurse document as a symptom of cardiovascular disease?
a. Chest pain
b. Elevated heart rate
c. Fever
d. Obesity
ANS: A
Feedback: Symptoms are indicators that are reported by the ill individual and are considered
the subjective manifestations because they cannot be directly observed by the practitioner.
Heart rate, fever, and weight can all be measured by the provider. Chest pain is subjective
and would be described by the client.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Clinical Manifestations
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
10. What term describes the signs and symptoms associated with disease?
a. Clinical manifestations
b. Precipitating factors
c. Insidious
d. Subacute
ANS: A
Feedback: Clinical manifestations include signs and symptoms associated with disease.
Precipitating factors, also called triggers, promote the onset of clinical manifestations.
Insidious is used to describe clinical manifestations that do not have a clear onset. Subacute
refers to diseases with severity and duration that falls between acute and chronic.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Clinical Manifestations
OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
11. Which assessment is effective in detecting asymptomatic disease?
a. Client history
b. Screening tests
c. Family pedigree
d. Observation
ANS: B
Feedback: Screening tests are often used to identify disease that does not present with signs
and symptoms. Family pedigree, observation, and eliciting client history are not used to
identify asymptomatic disease. They may be used to collect data and determine the need for
further screening but alone are not effective in detecting disease.
Page 6
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Clinical Manifestations
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
12. Which symptom is considered a local manifestation associated with a paper cut?
a. Fever
b. Pain
c. Headache
d. Hypertension
ANS: B
Feedback: Local refers to those manifestations that are found directly at the site of disease
and are confined to that specific area. Pain would be considered a local manifestation
associated with a paper cut. The other signs and symptoms listed refer to systemic
manifestations.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Clinical Manifestations
OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
13. Which symptom is a systemic manifestation of influenza?
a. Fever
b. Chest pain
c. Cough
d. Runny nose
ANS: A
Feedback: Systemic manifestations present throughout the body and are not confined to one
area. Fever would be an example of a systemic manifestation. The other options are
manifestations that occur directly at the site; these are considered local manifestations.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Clinical Manifestations
OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
14. Which term indicates the forecast or prediction of how an individual will proceed through
the disease process?
a. Morbidity
b. Prognosis
c. Metastasis
d. Remission
ANS: B
Page 7
,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
Feedback: The prognosis for a client is the forecast or prediction of how the individual will
proceed through the disease process. Morbidity is a negative outcome of disease that affects
quality of life. Metastasis refers to the spread of disease from one part of the body to
another. Remission refers to the reduction or disappearance of signs and symptoms
associated with a disease.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 3, Diagnosis and Treatment
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
15. While reviewing the history of a new client to the clinic, the nurse notes a strong family
history of cardiac disease. To focus on minimizing this disease, which topic(s)/factor(s) will
the nurse¶s educational focus be during this visit? Select all that apply.
a. Analyzing typical dietary intake
b. Controlling weight
c. Encouraging activity
d. Having the client discuss genetics with family
e. Maintaining blood pressure within normal limits
f. Focusing on a high-protein diet with minimal carbohydrates
ANS: A, B, C, E
Feedback: The presence of select risk factors increases a person¶s chances of developing
coronary heart disease. Modifiable (therefore teachable topics) factors include elevated
blood cholesterol level, elevated blood pressure, cigarette smoking, obesity, and sedentary
lifestyle. Nonmodifiable factors that cannot be changed by behavior include RQH¶s genetic
predisposition, family history, and gender. A high-protein with low-carbohydrate diet does
not necessarily align with dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), because many
sources of protein are also high in fat and calories.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Understanding Pathophysiology
OBJ: 3 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
16. Which nurse¶s statement best demonstrates understanding of the phrase, ³People should not
be defined by their pathophysiology?´
a. ³My fractured tibia client in room ´
b. ³7Ke skull fracture child in room number 4.´
c. ³7Ke client admitted with uncontrolled hypertensLRQ´
d. ³7Ke alcoholic client who has cirrhosis´
ANS: C
Feedback: An important thing to keep in mind when caring for individual clients is that
people should not be defined by their pathophysiology. Calling a client by their disease state
ignores the holistic physical, spiritual, emotional, and psychological components that
comprise all of us. Health professionals should avoid calling clients ³alcoholics´Rr
³Iractured tibia client in URRP´ and replace these labels with ³the client with alcohol use
disRUGHU´ oU³WKHFOLHQWLQURRP with a fraFWXUHGWLELD´
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,Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Applying Pathophysiology
OBJ: 3
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
17. The current statistics show that a U.S. state has 8,746 cases of an acute disease per 100,000
people. This number represents which epidemiologic finding?
a. Incidence
b. Morbidity
c. Prevalence
d. Homeostasis
ANS: A
Feedback: Health statistics are an important aspect of population-focused healthcare.
Incidence is the number of new cases within a given time. Incidence represents the
probability that a disease will occur in a certain population. Prevalence is the number or
percentage of a population living with a particular disease at a given time. Morbidity refers
to having a disease or a symptom of disease, or to the amount of disease within a
population. Homeostasis is the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between
interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiologic processes.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Applying Pathophysiology
OBJ: 5 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
18. The community health nurse provides a community clinic to provide education on proper
infant car seat installation. Which type of disease prevention is the nurse practicing?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Mandatory
ANS: A
Feedback: Disease prevention may be described as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary
prevention prohibits a disease from occurring (i.e., proper installation of an infant car seat to
prevent injury in case of a vehicle accident). Secondary prevention is the early detection of
disease through screening and early treatment (i.e., annual screening for breast cancer).
Tertiary prevention is rehabilitation of a client after detection of disease (i.e., physical
therapy after stroke). Disease prevention is not mandatory; however, reporting of specific
diseases is mandated by law for the purpose of preventing spread of those diseases.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Applying Pathophysiology
OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
19. What is epigenetics?
a. The study of how genetics began
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, Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition TEST BANK
b. The study of epidemiology and genetics
c. The study of genetic control by factors other than DNA sequencing
d. The study of DNA sequencing and its impact on genetic control
ANS: C
Feedback: Epigenetics is the study of genetic control by factors other than DNA sequencing.
Epigenetics controls the ³RQ´and ³RII´switch of genes and which proteins are transcribed.
The other answer choices do not reflect the definition of epigenetics.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 4, Applying Pathophysiology
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember NOT: Multiple Choice
20. Which example best represents pathogenesis of disease?
a. Venous thrombosis leading to myocardial infarction
b. Increased rates of stroke in those with hypertension
c. The rate of influenza spread at any given time
d. Liver cell destruction occurring long before cirrhosis of the liver
ANS: D
Feedback: Pathogenesis is best defined as the beginning of disease. It encompasses the time
of when the disease process begins to the point of manifestation of the disease. Destruction
of the liver cells long before cirrhosis is an example of pathogenesis. Incidence is the rate of
occurrence of a disease at any given time. Etiology is the cause of a particular disease. Risk
factors are those factors which increase the chance of a client having a disease.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: 2, Understanding Pathophysiology
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
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