BIOD331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST 2025 ALREADY
GRADED A+
Anne is a 48 y/o female who presents with excessive vaginal bleeding x 6
months. Her skin is pale, she reports feeling fatigued, and often craves a large
cup of Sonic crushed ice. A quick in-office H&H shows a hemoglobin of 9 and
hematocrit of 30%. You suspect Anne is anemic. What diagnostic test would you
run to confirm your diagnosis? What would her red blood cells look like on the
slide? (size and color) - ANSWERS-CBC with peripheral smear and ferritin level.
RBCs would appear microcytic and hypochromic.
Anne is a 48 y/o female who presents with excessive vaginal bleeding x 6
months. Her skin is pale, she reports feeling fatigued, and often craves a large
cup of Sonic crushed ice. A quick in-office H&H shows a hemoglobin of 9 and
hematocrit of 30%. She is given a diagnosis of blood loss or iron deficiency
anemia. What is the best treatment plan for this patient? Explain your
reasoning. - ANSWERS-If low ferritin, she would need iron supplementation.
Also find the cause of the bleeding and try to control.
,Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection? -
ANSWERS-Involves humoral immunity
Which of the following is characteristic of acute transplant rejection? -
ANSWERS-Involves increased T lymphocytes
Bob is a 55 y/o male here for his annual physical exam. He has no current
complaints. His BMI is 31, BP 150/90, HR 72, RR 16. He does not smoke, drinks
alcohol occasionally, and has a family history of cardiovascular disease. His BP
was retaken in the opposite arm and was 155/86. Given the patient's past
medical history and presentation, what is your initial diagnosis? - ANSWERS-
Hypertension
Bob is a 55 y/o male here for his annual physical exam. He has no current
complaints. His BMI is 31, BP 150/90, HR 72, RR 16. He does not smoke, drinks
alcohol occasionally, and has a family history of cardiovascular disease. His BP
was retaken in the opposite arm and was 155/86. How would you stage Bob's
hypertension? - ANSWERS-Stage 2, > 140/90
A patient is said to be in stage 2 kidney disease. What would you expect their
GFR to be? - ANSWERS-70 mL/min/1.73m2
A patient is said to be in stage 4 kidney disease. What would you expect their
GFR to be? - ANSWERS-25 mL/min/1.73m2
,6 y/o Tommy is brought in by his mom today for complaints of vomiting and
diarrhea. He does not have a fever. His stool is hemoccult negative (no blood).
His younger sibling has similar symptoms. You diagnose Tommy with viral
gastroenteritis. Would you categorize this condition as inflammatory or non-
inflammatory? - ANSWERS-Non-inflammatory
Explain how the kidney can maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the
arterial blood pressure of the rest of the body. - ANSWERS-The renal
autoregulatory system causes the efferent arteriole to constrict leading to an
increased resistance to outflow from the glomeruli with a subsequent increase
in glomerular pressure and the GFR. When the afferent arteriole constricts,
there is a reduction in renal blood flow, glomerular pressure, and the GFR
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to
push digestive contents forward and backward - ANSWERS-Segmentation
Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. - ANSWERS-False,
one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. -
ANSWERS-True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male.
His hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or
abnormal value? - ANSWERS-Normal
, You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old
female. Her hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or
abnormal value? - ANSWERS-Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female
is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old
female. Her hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal
or abnormal value? - ANSWERS-Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - ANSWERS-It is
involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? - ANSWERS-It includes peroxisomes and
proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? - ANSWERS-25-
hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? - ANSWERS-
Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the
differentiation of red blood cells within bone marrow? - ANSWERS-
Erythropoietin
ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST 2025 ALREADY
GRADED A+
Anne is a 48 y/o female who presents with excessive vaginal bleeding x 6
months. Her skin is pale, she reports feeling fatigued, and often craves a large
cup of Sonic crushed ice. A quick in-office H&H shows a hemoglobin of 9 and
hematocrit of 30%. You suspect Anne is anemic. What diagnostic test would you
run to confirm your diagnosis? What would her red blood cells look like on the
slide? (size and color) - ANSWERS-CBC with peripheral smear and ferritin level.
RBCs would appear microcytic and hypochromic.
Anne is a 48 y/o female who presents with excessive vaginal bleeding x 6
months. Her skin is pale, she reports feeling fatigued, and often craves a large
cup of Sonic crushed ice. A quick in-office H&H shows a hemoglobin of 9 and
hematocrit of 30%. She is given a diagnosis of blood loss or iron deficiency
anemia. What is the best treatment plan for this patient? Explain your
reasoning. - ANSWERS-If low ferritin, she would need iron supplementation.
Also find the cause of the bleeding and try to control.
,Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection? -
ANSWERS-Involves humoral immunity
Which of the following is characteristic of acute transplant rejection? -
ANSWERS-Involves increased T lymphocytes
Bob is a 55 y/o male here for his annual physical exam. He has no current
complaints. His BMI is 31, BP 150/90, HR 72, RR 16. He does not smoke, drinks
alcohol occasionally, and has a family history of cardiovascular disease. His BP
was retaken in the opposite arm and was 155/86. Given the patient's past
medical history and presentation, what is your initial diagnosis? - ANSWERS-
Hypertension
Bob is a 55 y/o male here for his annual physical exam. He has no current
complaints. His BMI is 31, BP 150/90, HR 72, RR 16. He does not smoke, drinks
alcohol occasionally, and has a family history of cardiovascular disease. His BP
was retaken in the opposite arm and was 155/86. How would you stage Bob's
hypertension? - ANSWERS-Stage 2, > 140/90
A patient is said to be in stage 2 kidney disease. What would you expect their
GFR to be? - ANSWERS-70 mL/min/1.73m2
A patient is said to be in stage 4 kidney disease. What would you expect their
GFR to be? - ANSWERS-25 mL/min/1.73m2
,6 y/o Tommy is brought in by his mom today for complaints of vomiting and
diarrhea. He does not have a fever. His stool is hemoccult negative (no blood).
His younger sibling has similar symptoms. You diagnose Tommy with viral
gastroenteritis. Would you categorize this condition as inflammatory or non-
inflammatory? - ANSWERS-Non-inflammatory
Explain how the kidney can maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the
arterial blood pressure of the rest of the body. - ANSWERS-The renal
autoregulatory system causes the efferent arteriole to constrict leading to an
increased resistance to outflow from the glomeruli with a subsequent increase
in glomerular pressure and the GFR. When the afferent arteriole constricts,
there is a reduction in renal blood flow, glomerular pressure, and the GFR
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to
push digestive contents forward and backward - ANSWERS-Segmentation
Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. - ANSWERS-False,
one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. -
ANSWERS-True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male.
His hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or
abnormal value? - ANSWERS-Normal
, You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old
female. Her hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or
abnormal value? - ANSWERS-Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female
is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old
female. Her hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal
or abnormal value? - ANSWERS-Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - ANSWERS-It is
involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? - ANSWERS-It includes peroxisomes and
proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? - ANSWERS-25-
hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? - ANSWERS-
Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the
differentiation of red blood cells within bone marrow? - ANSWERS-
Erythropoietin
