ESL 240 Exam | Verified with 100% Correct Answers

ESL 240 Exam | Verified with 100% Correct Answers Sooyong, a Korean student, recently joined Mr. Hanson's ESL class. Sooyong has an Intermediate level of English, but often makes the mistake of switching the verb and object in sentences. For example, he might say, "I my homework forgot." What is this an example of? negative language transfer A middle school history teacher notices that the ELLs in the class struggle to answer comprehension questions after reading long passages. They have a strong understanding of the vocabulary, but often don't know the answers to both basic and more complex comprehension questions. Which of the following activities would most likely improve the ELLs' comprehension skills? modeling a think-aloud A sixth-grade science teacher has assigned each student a scientist to write a report on. The following is an excerpt from the writing of Fernando, an English-language learner from Mexico. "Isaac Newton is one of the most important scientists in history. He developed the theory of gravity and some laws of motion. Moreover, he created a new type of mathematics, which today calls calculus! He has had large impact in the world." Fernando's writing primarily shows features of which of the following ELPS writing proficiency levels? Advanced An eighth-grade class is completing a unit on community earthquake preparedness. There are a few English learners in the class who communicate at different English proficiency levels. The teacher designs the following partner problem-solution essay activity as part of a cumulative unit review. After all the oral presentations, the teacher conducts a class-wide discussion on their findings. This unit will benefit English learners in which of the following ways? Select all answers that apply. - Instruction is scaffolded through the use of graphic organizers and partner work. - Instruction alternates between reading and writing activities to balance learning experiences. - Instruction focuses on oral communication between peers using academic vocabulary. Mr. Driscoll is worried about Kai, an English-language learner (ELL) from Brazil. Kai is at the beginning level of language proficiency in speaking and doesn't participate in classroom conversations. Even when Mr. Driscoll asks him a question directly, Kai doesn't say anything. What should Mr. Driscoll do? respect Kai's silent period A teacher has noticed that her advanced English language learners with high literacy levels in their native languages share similar reading skills and behaviors with their native English-speaking peers. In fact, when reading a grade-level text, the main difference lies in vocabulary size. Ms. Meixner teaches ELLs at her school district's "Newcomers' Center." She is planning a series of lessons on English phonemic awareness. What should be her approach as she plans the lessons? focusing on the sounds that are different between English and students' L1 A high school English teacher learns that a new ELL student with interrupted formal schooling will be joining her class. This student experienced a lack of resources and limited education in her native country. The teacher wants to provide a supportive environment in her English class and help her make progress. What should the teacher do first to address the academic needs of her new student? assess the student's prior knowledge and areas of interest to accelerate learning A kindergarten teacher plans to read aloud a short story to the class. She will use an oversized book so the students can follow along and see the words and the pictures. After reading the story, the teacher will ask her students to draw a picture of the big problem that occurred in the story. While they work, she walks around the room, observing their progress and making a point to discuss their drawing with them if it is unclear how the picture relates to the story. How could the teacher change this lesson plan to differentiate for English learners? pre-teaching words from the text that are likely to be unfamiliar An ideographic language is written in the following manner: with graphic symbols that represent the concept. An elementary teacher has several students in the class who are identified as English language learners, each with varying levels of English proficiency. In order to best meet the needs of these students, the teacher should: use gestures, drawings, and images when teaching and during conversations. A 7th-grade mathematics teacher is in the middle of a unit on geometry. She designs the following lesson plan: How can the teacher best adjust the instruction to meet the needs of the English-language learners (ELLs) at the beginning level of proficiency who are in the class? pre-define and label the parts of the room and unfamiliar vocabulary A fifth-grade teacher's science class includes several English language learners who have varying levels of English language proficiency. As the teacher considers ways to adapt instruction to meet these students' learning needs, what approach would be most important? Address the same instructional goals and objectives as those in the original lessons. A history teacher is having trouble getting his English learners to participate in class discussions. During a class debate, he provides them with a list of some discussion prompts, such as "I agree with ___ because ..." and "I'm afraid I have to disagree because ..." This is an example of: procedural scaffolding A kindergarten teacher is planning a unit on community helpers. The teacher's class includes several students who are English language learners. Which of the following steps should the teacher take to ensure that the unit addresses the needs of the English language learners while also benefiting all students? Include pictures that show each type of community helper, where they work, and the tools or materials they use. Mr. Duke wants to break his class into small groups for a discussion after a multimedia presentation. Mr. Duke has multiple English language learners in his class. Which of the following is the most important criterion for placing English language learners into groups? Make sure the English language learners are placed into various groups to promote vocabulary development. Which of the following would be the most appropriate adjustment to make for a test given to an English language learner? Provide a glossary of terms found on the test. What is the purpose of the English Learner (EL) Instructional Accommodations Checklist? It tracks which accommodations were needed for the student at three points in the academic school year. A student was recently dismissed from the English as a Second Language (ESL) program after showing proficient skills in everyday spoken English. The student is continuing to struggle with academic language and needs assistance when answering vocabulary-intense questions in class. Which of the following would be an appropriate accommodation for the student? providing sentence stems to help with answering questions A teacher is observed by an outside administrator for practices in cultural fluency and equality in her classroom. The results of the observation showed that English Language Learners (ELL) answer questions half as often as their peers and volunteer classroom roles are primarily taken by males. To address these issues, the teacher should: group students together and designate spokespersons, as well as assign classroom roles. Mr. Martin is planning an instructional unit and wants to adjust the lesson to meet the needs of the English Language Learners (ELL) in his class. Each student has a varying level of English proficiency. What is the best strategy to adjust the instructional unit to meet the student's needs? Make dictionaries accessible to the students and allow for additional time to complete the assignments while other students can work independently Exercises that promote the ELL students' ability to request clarification for words they do not understand helps their language acquisition primarily by teaching students a strategy for overcoming gaps in comprehension. Ms. Allain, an ESL teacher, distributes the following quiz to her ELL students and tells them to circle the word that does not rhyme. does / was / has show / no / now air / near / care Which of the following skills would this assignment assess? phonological awareness Which of the following describes the importance of determining a student's language proficiency? All the above Of the following, which would be the most beneficial staff development program adjustment to promote the needs of English language learners in a school? Extend participation in the program to the entire school, not just the ESL staff Which type of assessment is considered by many to be ideal for English language learners (ELLs) because it allows them to demonstrate their understanding without relying on a single, correct answer? a performance-based assessment An ESL teacher assesses her students and notices that while most students in the class are able to decode English text, many struggle with reading comprehension. What TWO things can the teacher do to help these students to develop comprehension skills? Select all answers that apply. - Activate students' prior knowledge by making lists of what they already know about a topic before reading - Teach students techniques to self-monitor while reading, like visualizing and asking themselves questions Mrs. Reed is a middle-school ESL teacher. Recently she has noticed that many of her students have anxiety and self-doubt when they are writing. She believes that this is hindering the process of achieving writing proficiency. What can Ms. Reed focus on in order to effectively reduce this anxiety and provide students with the confidence they need to write in English? creating an environment that encourages students to take risks and express ideas in their writing Mr. Telleria, an ESL teacher asks the students in his class to look at the series of words and determine the meaning of the underlined portion: beautiful, careful, thoughtful unhappy, unfair, unemployed predict, preview, prepare What is the teacher determining students' comprehension of? Morphology As a member of an LPAC, the ESL teacher plays a dual role. What are the two roles? Select all answers that apply. - Advocate for student - Informed language professional An ESL teacher wants to advocate for ESL students to the school's staff and faculty. The teacher should provide information about the: strategies for assessing students and the need for simplifying the use of complex phrasing, idiomatic expressions, and cultural references. All teachers in Texas who have ELL students in their classrooms must be trained to conduct the TELPAS. This assessment is intended to measure: how well students are learning English. Which of the following activities would best support an ESL student's development of academic language skills, as opposed to conversational language skills? doing exercises that focus on advanced grammatical structures An ESL teacher takes the class on a field trip to an exhibit at a local museum. After they return the teacher asks the students to write down a description of the experience for a student who wasn't there and then to read their description aloud to a partner. In this activity, the teacher uses which of the following approaches to promote writing? the language experience approach Which of the following statements supports Noam Chomsky's nativist theory of language learning? Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language. Mrs. Albertson has a new ELL student arriving in her class next week. Mrs. Albertson spends some time researching what cognates exist between the two languages. She reads a bit on typical grammatical structures and cultural norms that might be new or different for the student. Mrs. Albertson finds images from the student's culture that are relevant to the classroom setting and prints a photo along with the word in both languages to post around the room. All of these strategies are beneficial for helping ELL students acquire a second language because they: build on the student's prior knowledge and language skills to make connections with English, making it easier for the student to master the English concepts. Which of the following tasks does NOT promote the development of Basic Interpersonal Skills (BICS)? completing graphic organizers independently Which of the following is a five-step systematic instructional model to teach English learners how to use learning strategies for both language and content? cognitive language learning approach (CALLA) An ESL teacher is teaching her students a lesson on prepositions. She gives the students a collection of items and gives directions like "Put the ball on top of the box" or "Put the ball in the box." What is the main benefit of a lesson like this? Using realia makes the learning process more memorable for the student. Emmett, a new ELL student, sits down with his teacher for a quick diagnostic assessment of his phonemic awareness. The teacher asks Emmett to identify English letters, read or repeat some words, and answer a few conversational questions. Emmett is able to identify and name all 26 letters, but could only correctly pronounce 50% of the words, both those he read himself and those he repeated. The teacher wants to provide Emmett with some time to practice pronouncing phonemes only found in English. Which activity below will best achieve this goal? Model for Emmett how to make a sound and let Emmett practice with a mirror. Mr. Franklin believes that ongoing assessments are particularly important for English language learners, but that standardized tests in English don't always reflect ELLs' true content knowledge or abilities. Instead, he is a strong proponent of performance-based assessments. Which of the following would be an appropriate performance-based activity for Mr. Franklin to use to assess ELLs' speaking or reading skills? Select all answers that apply. - giving descriptions or instructions using visual or written prompts - debating, either one-on-one or taking turns in small groups Which of the following involves an understanding of a sentence's surface structure and deep structure and uses identified patterns to alter the structure of a sentence? transformational grammar The campus administrator wants the ELL students to take a standardized test that covers basic reading skills. The test will be translated from English into each student's native language. Which of the following would best explain why such a test is unlikely to yield accurate results? Translations from English to a native language cannot account for cultural differences which can lead to confusion among students. Which of the following teaching methods often makes use of art and music and emphasizes the importance of a close relationship between teacher and student? Suggestopedia Mr. Johnson often rewards his students by giving them praise or small gifts, such as stickers. This is an example of which of the following? extrinsic reinforcement A teacher places her students into groups of four for a cooperative group activity. In one of the groups, she places Francisco, an English learner who recently joined the class from Mexico. She expects Francisco to participate, but gives him a nonspeaking role. Why might the teacher do this? This can help to reduce Francisco's anxiety. According to the Nativist Theory of language acquisition, young children: understand their native grammar without direct instruction. When a mother speaks to her child, she often uses "motherese" or "parentese," a heightened pitch, exaggerated intonation, and repetition of words that differs from the way she would speak to an adult. What is true about this form of speaking? It has been proven to help with the development of infant language. A third-grade ELL student who normally performs well on assessments unexpectedly struggled with a recent reading assessment of a passage titled "Fourth of July Memories." Which of the following is most likely to have caused this unexpected challenge? The student may lack the schema that supports other students' understanding of the text A first-grade teacher is planning upcoming phonics instruction to support the students' understanding of the relationships between letters and sounds. Which of the following strategies would best support ELL students in her class while working on this skill? emphasizing letters that may have different pronunciations in English than in the students' native language A classroom has a mix of students with varied home languages and English dialects. In order to best help students learn inflectional word endings (such as -ed), the teacher should have the students: complete a word sort categorizing inflected words by their pronunciation. An ESL teacher is using the SIOP model of instruction. Which THREE of the following strategies can the teacher use to provide the ELLs in her class with comprehensible content? restricting the use of L1 when clarifying concepts slowing down speech and enunciating clearly using techniques such as modeling and visuals providing the ELLs with regular feedback about their progress paraphrasing the ELLs' responses in correct English 2, 3, 5 Jose just arrived from Mexico last week. His mother was told that he should go to a newcomer center. What happens in a newcomer center? Students who recently arrived in the US are taught linguistic survival skills and start adapting to the new culture. Which case ruled that steps must be taken to make input comprehensible for English Language Learners and is considered the cornerstone for ESL education in the United States? Lau v. Nichols (1974) A school has a small number of ELLs who are dispersed among different grade levels. The school does not have a bilingual education program, nor does it have licensed ESL teachers in each grade level. Which of the following does this school most likely use to support their ELLs? a pullout program Providing books and other resources in a bilingual student's first language if he is unable to read English best demonstrates the principle of: equity. Olga is upset because she feels her daughter, Eva, an ELL from Russia, is not progressing in school. When she asks the school to see a report of how Eva measures on their achievement objectives, the school informs her that those don't exist for ELL students, as they have different needs than non-ELL students. They also inform her that Eva has not been formally assessed since beginning the program two years ago. Olga believes that the school's response is in direct opposition to which of the following? Title III of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) What type of program model is designed to integrate native-speaking English speakers and ELLs in the same classroom with the goal of bilingual proficiency and academic achievement for both groups? two-way immersion Which Supreme Court case is the cornerstone for providing equitable access to education to English Language Learners (ELLs) whose home language is something other than English? Lau v. Nichols (1974) English immersion is a practice that: does not provide support for non-English speakers and allows them to succeed or fail based on their language abilities. Which of the following court cases results in a ruling that states cannot constitutionally deny students a free public education on account of their immigration status? Plyler v. Doe Providing books written in English to English language learners is equal treatment, but it is not sufficient to give the English language learners an equitable education. Of the following, which court case established this rule? Lau v. Nichols 1974 The state agency that oversees the education of English language learners is the: Texas Education Agency (TEA). A school district is planning to introduce a new ESL program, and they are debating between a Sheltered English Immersion program or a Structured English Immersion program. How do the two program types differ? Structured English Immersion programs don't provide explicit ESL instruction. One of the greatest academic challenges to a sixteen-year-old English language learner in their first year in a Texas high school is: meeting state requirements for graduation. Providing books in English to English language learners is equal treatment but not sufficient to provide English learners with an equitable education. Of the following, which court case established this rule? Lau v. Nichols in 1974 Mrs. Harris teaches a class in which English learners and native English-speaking students receive instruction in both Spanish and English. What type of program is this? two-way bilingual education program A bilingual education teacher (Spanish) must be from the same country (Spanish-speaking) as the students because: none of the above. A bilingual teacher who is knowledgeable of the students' home cultures can make connections to their daily lives through: all of the above. Halfway through the school year, Mr. Hernandez's fourth-grade class has a new student join the class. The student is from Argentina and, although he can speak English, does not appear to be making friends with his classmates. Which of the following classroom activities would be the most likely to promote an understanding and appreciation of different cultures among the students? Have students research their own backgrounds and give a class presentation about their ancestors' cultures. When selecting a text for ELL students, an ESOL teacher should consider all of the following except: how well the text translates into students' native languages. Every Friday afternoon, Mr. Concannon, a sixth-grade ESL teacher, picks a short reading about the norms or customs in various different cultures to read aloud and discuss with his students. This is beneficial for his students because: there is a strong relationship between language and culture. How can a teacher best ensure that a lesson meets the needs of students who learn in different ways? addressing different learning styles in instruction Of the following, which is the most likely group structure for promoting English proficiency among English language learners? Heterogeneous in English proficiency A kindergarten teacher sends a parent survey home to learn more about the interests and cultural background of her students' families. She finds that her students come from many different cultural backgrounds that she is unfamiliar with. One way the teacher can engage these families would be to: plan family show and tell days, where students and parents can give presentations about their family and culture to the class. In which of the following situations is the teacher using an additive approach in the classroom? A literature teacher who in the past has discussed only American and British authors spends some time discussing authors from other parts of the world and their different styles of writing. Li Na is an English Language Learner from China who came to America for the first time for a year-long student exchange program. She is a high-achieving student, and the primary purpose of her program is to increase her English language proficiency. Her family will remain in China for the year, and she is the only student from her home school participating in the program. Her teachers have observed that she is hesitant to interact with her peers and does not participate in class. She appears anxious and withdrawn, and the classwork she has completed does not demonstrate progress in her L2 acquisition. Her lack of progress in developing English language proficiency is likely due to: culture shock.