NSG 320 EXAM 1 DIABETES
Glucose metabolism
The process by which cells commonly obtain energy by breaking the chemical bonds
of glucose molecules and use this energy to form ATP
Insulin's job in glucose metabolism
stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscles, inhibits
glycogenolysis, enhances fat deposition into adipose tissue, and increases protein
synthesis; "opens up or unlocks the cells" to store/move excess glucose from the
blood into muscle, liver, or fat cells; decreases the need to release glucose from the
liver
Cardiovascular disease
a disease of the heart and blood vessels; CAD, heart failure, PVDs
Peripheral neuropathy
decrease sensation of nerve endings
Nephropathy
renal disease/failure
,Retinopathy
blindness
Who is most at risk for diabetes
Native American, Alaska natives, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and pacific islanders
3 Ps symptoms of hyperglycemia
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Other symptoms of hyperglycemia
weight loss, fatigue, recurrent infections, blurred vision, delayed wound healing
Excessive hunger
polyphagia
Excessive thirst
, polydipsia
Diabetes type 1
autoimmune process; generic predisposition; absent insulin; requires insulin
injections; ketosis prone; sudden onset
Ketosis
an undesirably high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood and urine; fruity
breath
Type 2 diabetes
insulin deficiency or insulin resistance; not insulin dependent; can use oral meds;
occur over long period/gradual; 35+ y/0 usually; obesity; lifestyle
Metabolic syndrome
increase risk of CV disease. Increase insulin, triglycerides, decreased HDL level, and
increased LDL levels; increase risk of diabetes type 2
Hemoglobin A1C test
Glucose metabolism
The process by which cells commonly obtain energy by breaking the chemical bonds
of glucose molecules and use this energy to form ATP
Insulin's job in glucose metabolism
stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscles, inhibits
glycogenolysis, enhances fat deposition into adipose tissue, and increases protein
synthesis; "opens up or unlocks the cells" to store/move excess glucose from the
blood into muscle, liver, or fat cells; decreases the need to release glucose from the
liver
Cardiovascular disease
a disease of the heart and blood vessels; CAD, heart failure, PVDs
Peripheral neuropathy
decrease sensation of nerve endings
Nephropathy
renal disease/failure
,Retinopathy
blindness
Who is most at risk for diabetes
Native American, Alaska natives, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and pacific islanders
3 Ps symptoms of hyperglycemia
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Other symptoms of hyperglycemia
weight loss, fatigue, recurrent infections, blurred vision, delayed wound healing
Excessive hunger
polyphagia
Excessive thirst
, polydipsia
Diabetes type 1
autoimmune process; generic predisposition; absent insulin; requires insulin
injections; ketosis prone; sudden onset
Ketosis
an undesirably high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood and urine; fruity
breath
Type 2 diabetes
insulin deficiency or insulin resistance; not insulin dependent; can use oral meds;
occur over long period/gradual; 35+ y/0 usually; obesity; lifestyle
Metabolic syndrome
increase risk of CV disease. Increase insulin, triglycerides, decreased HDL level, and
increased LDL levels; increase risk of diabetes type 2
Hemoglobin A1C test
