Gross anatomy 2 Final Exam Study Guide:
Unit 1: Cervical anatomy (5 questions)
• Layers of fascia of the neck:
• Superficial investing fascia AKA tela subcutanea
o invests platysma
o internal surface of skin around neck
o less distinctive layer, in-between dermis and deep cervical fascia
• Deep cervical fascia (2 layers)
o Investing layer
▪ Deep to superficial fascia and encircles whole cervical region
▪ Invest SCM and traps
o Pre-tracheal layer (also divided into 2 more layers)
▪ Muscular layer
• Superficial layer invest sternohyoid and omohyoid
• Deep layer invests sternothyroid and thyroid muscles
▪ Visceral layer
• Continuation of buccopharyngeal fascia and carotid sheath
• Invests thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, trachea, and esophagus
• Prevertebral fascia (3 parts)
o Invest vertebral column
o 1: anterior (alar) portion
o 2:Posterior portion
o Axillary sheath
• Buccopharyngeal fascia: invest buccinator and dorsal esophagus
Carotid sheath – formed by investing, pretracheal & prevertebral layers - ICA, CCA, IJV, EJV, Vagus n
Prevertebral sheath – invests vertebral column and muscles
1 Anterior AKA alar:
- smallest of the prevertebral planes
- invests prevertebral muscles
- bifurcates to form alar fascia
2 Posterior:
- largest of the prevertebral planes
- invests cervical muscles
Spaces
3 - Axillary MM
o Retropharyngeal – largest, allows free movement, has anterior and posterior parts
TRUE ▪ Anterior retropharyngeal - between buccopharyngeal and alar, extends to C7
▪ Posterior retropharyngeal AKA danger space – between alar and prevertebral fascia
, of fascia
1
Layers
superficial
2 Deep s EE arsngea
investing or superficial telasubcutanea
pre trachial
carotid sheath
ftpff gia
muscular
visceral
perficial
I us
3 pre vertebra III Erik t.EEu msusaes
axillary continuousconearoundbrachialplexus
4 Buccopharyngeal
Posterior
Platysma superficial cervical fascia
deepcervicalninvesting
Trap Trap
posteriorportion
CM
anteriorportion
carotifeam
p
ÉÉ ffÉf
acnealsternot.gg
ft.EE
war
ILY mold
man
me yoga
qyFretial
SCM SCM
anterior
, Ci via hypoglossal
Thyrohyoid
Genionyoid
Suprahyoid muscles vs infrahyoid muscles:
Infrahyoid Origin Insertion Action Innervation
muscles
Sternohyoid Manubrium, medial Body of hyoid Depresses hyoid C1-C3 via ansa
clavicle and larynx cervicalis
Omohyoid Inf: scapula Inf: intermediate t Depresses hyoid C1-C3 via ansa
Sup: intermediate Sup: hyoid and larynx cervicalis
tendon
Sternothyroid manubrium Thyroid cartilage Depresses larynx C2-C3 via ansa
cervicalis
Thyrohyoid Thyroid cartilage Body of hyoid Depresses hyoid C1 via
hypoglossal
Suprahyoid Origin Insertion Action Innervation
muscles
Digastric Post: mastoid Intermediate t Elevate hyoid, Post: CN VII
process depress mandible Ant: CN V
Ant: digastric when hyoid is
fossa of mandible fixed
Stylohyoid Styloid process Body of hyoid Elevates hyoid CN VII
and tongue
Mylohyoid Mylohyoid line of Body of hyoid and Elevates hyoid CN V (nerve to
mandible median raphe and floor of mouth mylohyoid)
Geniohyoid Inferior genital Body of hyoid Elevates hyoid C1 via
tubercle bone and tongue hypoglossal
Muscles
Supranyoid
222m Fainan
hypoglossal font
0103
02 03
Unit 1: Cervical anatomy (5 questions)
• Layers of fascia of the neck:
• Superficial investing fascia AKA tela subcutanea
o invests platysma
o internal surface of skin around neck
o less distinctive layer, in-between dermis and deep cervical fascia
• Deep cervical fascia (2 layers)
o Investing layer
▪ Deep to superficial fascia and encircles whole cervical region
▪ Invest SCM and traps
o Pre-tracheal layer (also divided into 2 more layers)
▪ Muscular layer
• Superficial layer invest sternohyoid and omohyoid
• Deep layer invests sternothyroid and thyroid muscles
▪ Visceral layer
• Continuation of buccopharyngeal fascia and carotid sheath
• Invests thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, trachea, and esophagus
• Prevertebral fascia (3 parts)
o Invest vertebral column
o 1: anterior (alar) portion
o 2:Posterior portion
o Axillary sheath
• Buccopharyngeal fascia: invest buccinator and dorsal esophagus
Carotid sheath – formed by investing, pretracheal & prevertebral layers - ICA, CCA, IJV, EJV, Vagus n
Prevertebral sheath – invests vertebral column and muscles
1 Anterior AKA alar:
- smallest of the prevertebral planes
- invests prevertebral muscles
- bifurcates to form alar fascia
2 Posterior:
- largest of the prevertebral planes
- invests cervical muscles
Spaces
3 - Axillary MM
o Retropharyngeal – largest, allows free movement, has anterior and posterior parts
TRUE ▪ Anterior retropharyngeal - between buccopharyngeal and alar, extends to C7
▪ Posterior retropharyngeal AKA danger space – between alar and prevertebral fascia
, of fascia
1
Layers
superficial
2 Deep s EE arsngea
investing or superficial telasubcutanea
pre trachial
carotid sheath
ftpff gia
muscular
visceral
perficial
I us
3 pre vertebra III Erik t.EEu msusaes
axillary continuousconearoundbrachialplexus
4 Buccopharyngeal
Posterior
Platysma superficial cervical fascia
deepcervicalninvesting
Trap Trap
posteriorportion
CM
anteriorportion
carotifeam
p
ÉÉ ffÉf
acnealsternot.gg
ft.EE
war
ILY mold
man
me yoga
qyFretial
SCM SCM
anterior
, Ci via hypoglossal
Thyrohyoid
Genionyoid
Suprahyoid muscles vs infrahyoid muscles:
Infrahyoid Origin Insertion Action Innervation
muscles
Sternohyoid Manubrium, medial Body of hyoid Depresses hyoid C1-C3 via ansa
clavicle and larynx cervicalis
Omohyoid Inf: scapula Inf: intermediate t Depresses hyoid C1-C3 via ansa
Sup: intermediate Sup: hyoid and larynx cervicalis
tendon
Sternothyroid manubrium Thyroid cartilage Depresses larynx C2-C3 via ansa
cervicalis
Thyrohyoid Thyroid cartilage Body of hyoid Depresses hyoid C1 via
hypoglossal
Suprahyoid Origin Insertion Action Innervation
muscles
Digastric Post: mastoid Intermediate t Elevate hyoid, Post: CN VII
process depress mandible Ant: CN V
Ant: digastric when hyoid is
fossa of mandible fixed
Stylohyoid Styloid process Body of hyoid Elevates hyoid CN VII
and tongue
Mylohyoid Mylohyoid line of Body of hyoid and Elevates hyoid CN V (nerve to
mandible median raphe and floor of mouth mylohyoid)
Geniohyoid Inferior genital Body of hyoid Elevates hyoid C1 via
tubercle bone and tongue hypoglossal
Muscles
Supranyoid
222m Fainan
hypoglossal font
0103
02 03
