Nurs 5315 UTA exam 1 Questions and
answers 2025
Atrophy .- .ANS✓✓-E. .Cells .decrease .in .size
P. .Still .functional
Physiologic: .thymus .gland .in .early .childhood
Pathological: .disuse
Hypertrophy .- .ANS✓✓-E. .Increase .in .cell .size
P. .Increased .workload
Physiologic: .weightlifting .
Pathologic: .cardiomegaly .from .HTN
Hyperplasia .- .ANS✓✓-E. .Increase .in .cell .number
P. .Increased .cellular .division
Physiologic: .liver .regeneration
Pathologic: .endometrial- .usually .r/t .hormones
Dysplasia .- .ANS✓✓-E. .Cells .change .in .size, .shape, .organization
P. .AKA .atypical .hyperplasia, .a .disorderly .proliferation
Physiologic: .N/A
Pathologic: .squamous .dysplasia .of .cervix .from .HPV
Metaplasia .- .ANS✓✓-E. .one .cell .type .replaced .with .another
P. .reprogramming .of .stem .cells, .reversible
Physiologic: .N/A
Pathologic: .stratified .squamous .cells .in .bronchial .lining .r/t .cigarette .smoke
Hypoxia .injury .- .ANS✓✓-E. .inadequate .oxygenation .of .tissues
P. .decrease .in .mitochondrial .function, .decreased .production .of .ATP .increases
.anaerobic .metabolism. .eventual .cell .death.
C.M. .hypoxia, .cyanosis, .cognitive .impairment, .lethargy
Free .radical .and .ROS .- .ANS✓✓-E. .normal .byproduct .of .ATP .production, .will
.overwhelm .the .mitochondria- .exhaust .intracellular .antioxidants
P. .lipid .peroxidation, .damage .proteins, .fragment .DNA
C.M. .development .in .Alzheimer's, .heart .disease, .Parkinson's .disease,
.Amyotrophic .Lateral .Sclerosis
Ethanol .- .ANS✓✓-E. .mood .altering .drug, .long .term .effects .on .liver .and
.nutritional .status
, P. .metabolized .by .liver, .generates .free .radicals
C.M. .CNS .depression, .nutrient .deficiencies-Mag, .Vit .B6, .thiamine, .PO4,
.inflammation .and .fatty .infiltration .of .liver, .hepatomegaly, .leads .to .liver .failure
.irreversible
Oncosis .- .ANS✓✓-Na .and .H2O .enter .cell .and .cause .swelling. .Organ .increases
.in .weight, .becomes .distended .and .pale. .Associated .with .high .fever,
.hypocalcemia, .certain .infections
Fatty .Infiltration .- .ANS✓✓-intracellular .accumulation .of .lipids .in .the .liver
liver .fails .to .metabolize .lipids. .usually .from .ETOH .or .high .fat .diet. .can .lead .to
.cirrhosis
dystrophic .calcification .- .ANS✓✓-accumulation .of .Ca .in .dead .or .dying .tissues
calcium .salt .clump .and .harden- .interfere .with .cellular .structure .and .function
r/t .pulmonary .TB, .atherosclerosis, .injured .heart .valves, .chronic .pancreatitis
metastatic .calcification .- .ANS✓✓-accumulation .of .Ca .in .normal .tissue
result .of .hypercalcemia .r/t .hyperparathyroidism, .hyperthyroidism, .toxic .levels .of
.Vit .D. .Can .also .r/t .hyperphosphatemia .in .renal .failure
urate .accumulation .- .ANS✓✓-sodium .urate .crystals .are .deposited .in .tissues-
.group .of .disorders .collectively .called .gout- .acute .arthritis, .chronic .gouty
.arthritis, .tophus, .nephritis
Coagulative .Necrosis .- .ANS✓✓-kidneys, .heart, .adrenals- .secondary .to .hypoxia
Liquefactive .Necrosis .- .ANS✓✓-nerve .cells- .brain- .accumulation .of .pus
Caseous .Necrosis .- .ANS✓✓-lung .disease- .usually .TB- .tissue .looks .like
.clumped .cheese
Fat .Necrosis .- .ANS✓✓-breast, .pancreas, .abdominal .structures- .creates .soaps
Gangrenous .Necrosis .- .ANS✓✓-Dry- .dark .shriveled .skin
Wet- .internal .organs- .can .lead .to .death
Gas- .from .clostridium- .antitoxins .and .hyperbaric .therapy
Gout .- .ANS✓✓-E. .disturbances .in .serum .urate .levels. .uncommon .for .< .30
.years .old. .
P. .uric .acid .is .deposited .in .the .tissues .of .kidney, .heart, .earlobes, .and .joints. .
C.M. .inflammation, .painful .joints. .result .of .diuretic .use .or .diet .high .in .cream
.sauces, .red .wine, .or .red .meat
Rhabdomyolysis .- .ANS✓✓-E. .cell .hypoxia .caused .by .severe .muscle .trauma,
.hyperthermia, .crush .injuries, .or .severe .dehydration
P. .hypoxia .leads .to .cell .death, .cellular .contents .are .released .in .bloodstream.
answers 2025
Atrophy .- .ANS✓✓-E. .Cells .decrease .in .size
P. .Still .functional
Physiologic: .thymus .gland .in .early .childhood
Pathological: .disuse
Hypertrophy .- .ANS✓✓-E. .Increase .in .cell .size
P. .Increased .workload
Physiologic: .weightlifting .
Pathologic: .cardiomegaly .from .HTN
Hyperplasia .- .ANS✓✓-E. .Increase .in .cell .number
P. .Increased .cellular .division
Physiologic: .liver .regeneration
Pathologic: .endometrial- .usually .r/t .hormones
Dysplasia .- .ANS✓✓-E. .Cells .change .in .size, .shape, .organization
P. .AKA .atypical .hyperplasia, .a .disorderly .proliferation
Physiologic: .N/A
Pathologic: .squamous .dysplasia .of .cervix .from .HPV
Metaplasia .- .ANS✓✓-E. .one .cell .type .replaced .with .another
P. .reprogramming .of .stem .cells, .reversible
Physiologic: .N/A
Pathologic: .stratified .squamous .cells .in .bronchial .lining .r/t .cigarette .smoke
Hypoxia .injury .- .ANS✓✓-E. .inadequate .oxygenation .of .tissues
P. .decrease .in .mitochondrial .function, .decreased .production .of .ATP .increases
.anaerobic .metabolism. .eventual .cell .death.
C.M. .hypoxia, .cyanosis, .cognitive .impairment, .lethargy
Free .radical .and .ROS .- .ANS✓✓-E. .normal .byproduct .of .ATP .production, .will
.overwhelm .the .mitochondria- .exhaust .intracellular .antioxidants
P. .lipid .peroxidation, .damage .proteins, .fragment .DNA
C.M. .development .in .Alzheimer's, .heart .disease, .Parkinson's .disease,
.Amyotrophic .Lateral .Sclerosis
Ethanol .- .ANS✓✓-E. .mood .altering .drug, .long .term .effects .on .liver .and
.nutritional .status
, P. .metabolized .by .liver, .generates .free .radicals
C.M. .CNS .depression, .nutrient .deficiencies-Mag, .Vit .B6, .thiamine, .PO4,
.inflammation .and .fatty .infiltration .of .liver, .hepatomegaly, .leads .to .liver .failure
.irreversible
Oncosis .- .ANS✓✓-Na .and .H2O .enter .cell .and .cause .swelling. .Organ .increases
.in .weight, .becomes .distended .and .pale. .Associated .with .high .fever,
.hypocalcemia, .certain .infections
Fatty .Infiltration .- .ANS✓✓-intracellular .accumulation .of .lipids .in .the .liver
liver .fails .to .metabolize .lipids. .usually .from .ETOH .or .high .fat .diet. .can .lead .to
.cirrhosis
dystrophic .calcification .- .ANS✓✓-accumulation .of .Ca .in .dead .or .dying .tissues
calcium .salt .clump .and .harden- .interfere .with .cellular .structure .and .function
r/t .pulmonary .TB, .atherosclerosis, .injured .heart .valves, .chronic .pancreatitis
metastatic .calcification .- .ANS✓✓-accumulation .of .Ca .in .normal .tissue
result .of .hypercalcemia .r/t .hyperparathyroidism, .hyperthyroidism, .toxic .levels .of
.Vit .D. .Can .also .r/t .hyperphosphatemia .in .renal .failure
urate .accumulation .- .ANS✓✓-sodium .urate .crystals .are .deposited .in .tissues-
.group .of .disorders .collectively .called .gout- .acute .arthritis, .chronic .gouty
.arthritis, .tophus, .nephritis
Coagulative .Necrosis .- .ANS✓✓-kidneys, .heart, .adrenals- .secondary .to .hypoxia
Liquefactive .Necrosis .- .ANS✓✓-nerve .cells- .brain- .accumulation .of .pus
Caseous .Necrosis .- .ANS✓✓-lung .disease- .usually .TB- .tissue .looks .like
.clumped .cheese
Fat .Necrosis .- .ANS✓✓-breast, .pancreas, .abdominal .structures- .creates .soaps
Gangrenous .Necrosis .- .ANS✓✓-Dry- .dark .shriveled .skin
Wet- .internal .organs- .can .lead .to .death
Gas- .from .clostridium- .antitoxins .and .hyperbaric .therapy
Gout .- .ANS✓✓-E. .disturbances .in .serum .urate .levels. .uncommon .for .< .30
.years .old. .
P. .uric .acid .is .deposited .in .the .tissues .of .kidney, .heart, .earlobes, .and .joints. .
C.M. .inflammation, .painful .joints. .result .of .diuretic .use .or .diet .high .in .cream
.sauces, .red .wine, .or .red .meat
Rhabdomyolysis .- .ANS✓✓-E. .cell .hypoxia .caused .by .severe .muscle .trauma,
.hyperthermia, .crush .injuries, .or .severe .dehydration
P. .hypoxia .leads .to .cell .death, .cellular .contents .are .released .in .bloodstream.
