WI Pesticide Applicator Turf & Landscape 3.0

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1.Describe the kinds of damage arthropod pests can cause.: Chewing, tunnel cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




- ing, Galls, Inject toxins, transmit diseases
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2.Describe the structural features of arthropods including how their mouth- cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




parts determine what kind of damage they can cause.: Jointed body,
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3.What kinds of damage can arthropod pests cause?: Physical, physiologica
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l, and behavioral damage.
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4.What are the structural features of arthropods?: Jointed appendages, e
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x- oskeleton, segmented body.
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5.How can you distinguish insects from other arthropods?: Three body seg-
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ments, six legs, wings (if present).
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6.What are the differences between simple and complete metamorphosis?: -
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Simple: egg, nymph, adult. Complete: egg, larva, pupa, adult.
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7.Why is it important to know what kind of metamorphosis a pest goes t
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hrough?: To determine the most effective control methods. cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




8.How do temperature and humidity affect insect development?: Higher temp
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s and humidity can speed up development.
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9.What are some characteristics of common insect pests?: Small size, high
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reproductive rate, short generation time.
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10.What are the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides?: Ad-
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vantages: effective, fast-acting. Disadvantages: can harm non-
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target organisms, can lead to resistance. cx cx cx cx cx




11.What determines whether a given plant is a weed?: A plant is considered
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a weed if it is unwanted or interferes with human activities.
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12.List the two main goals of weed management.: To reduce weed populatio
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ns and prevent new weeds from establishing.
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13.Describe ways that weeds can pose problems in turf and landscapes.: - cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




Weeds can compete with desirable plants for resources, reduce aesthet
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ic value, and harbor pests and diseases.
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14.Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and herbaceous from woody cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




plants.: Grasses have narrow leaves and are herbaceous, while broadleaf
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plants have wider leaves and can be herbaceous or woody.
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15.Describe the life cycles of annual, biennial, and perennial plants and ho cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




w they reproduce.: Annuals complete their life cycle in one year, biennial
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s in two years, and perennials live for multiple years. They reproduce thr
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ough seeds, vegetative reproduction, or both.
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16.Outline what is needed to kill annual, biennial, and perennial weeds and wcx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




hen it is easiest to do so.: Annuals can be killed with preemergence herbicid
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es, biennials with postemergence herbicides, and perennials with systemi
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c herbicides. It is easiest to kill weeds when they are young and actively gr
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, WI Pesticide Applicator Turf & Landscap
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e 3.0
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owing.





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, WI Pesticide Applicator Turf & Landscap cx cx cx cx cx




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17.Explain the difference between preplant, preemergence, and postemer- cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




gence herbicide applications.: Preplant herbicides are applied before plant
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ing, preemergence herbicides are applied before weed seeds germinate, a
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nd postemer- gence herbicides are applied after weeds have emerged.
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18.Explain the effects of soil texture, organic matter and other soil factors on h cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




erbicide activity.: Soil texture and organic matter can affect herbicide absor
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ption and movement in the soil. Soil pH and moisture can also affect herbi
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cide activity. cx




19.Describe how and when to make a basal-bark treatment.: A basal- cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




bark treatment involves applying herbicide to the lower 12-
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18 inches of the stem. It is typically done in the dormant season when le
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aves have fallen. cx cx




20.Describe how and when to make an effective cut-stump treatment.: A cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




cut-
stump treatment involves applying herbicide to the freshly cut surface of
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a tree or shrub. It is typically done immediately after cutting.
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21.List steps to take when applying herbicides to minimize adverse effects in
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urban areas.: Choose the right herbicide, apply at the right time, use the righ
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t equip- cx




ment, and follow label instructions. Avoid drift and runoff, and consider non
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-chemical alternatives. cx




22.Define plant disease and what causes disease.: Plant disease is an abnorm cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




al condition that alters the plant's normal structure, function, or economic
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value. It is caused by biotic or abiotic agents. cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




23.List the major groups of plant pathogens and describe how each are sprea
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d from plant to plant.: Major groups of plant pathogens include fungi, bac-
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teria, viruses, nematodes, and parasitic plants. They are spread through a
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ir, water, soil, and vectors.
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24.List the four requirements for plant disease to occur.: Host, pathogen
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, environment, and time.
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25.Describe clues that will help you to distinguish plant disease from plant i cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




njury.: Disease symptoms are often systemic, while injury is localized. Di
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sease symptoms may include discoloration, wilting, and stunted growth.
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26.List examples of abiotic agents that induce plant injury.: Temperature, lig
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ht, moisture, chemicals, and mechanical injury.
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27.List factors that call for using pesticides for disease control.: Economic
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threshold, severity of disease, and environmental impact. cx cx cx cx cx cx




28.List the uses and limitations of soil fungicides.: Uses: seed treatment, s
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oil drench, and root dip. Limitations: soil type, pH, and microbial activity.
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