NSG 251 Exam Study Questions and Verified Answers
SULFONAMIDES
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole; (Bactrim);--UTIs
silversulfadiazine (Silvadene) ointment--burns
Sulfonamides--trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Adverse Effects:
N/V/D (GI: most ppl); allergic reaction
Sulfonamides--trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Uses
Used for: UTIs
silversulfadiazine (Silvadene)
Ointment: prevent infection in 2nd and 3rd degree burns; cant use if sulfa drug allergy
PENICILLINS
Penicillin G, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin (IV), tazobactam (Zosyn)
Uses of Penicillins:
Gram + bacteria: strep, pneumoccal pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, prevent endocarditis
Penicillin--tazobactam (Zosyn)
New drug extended spectrum; covers gram neg and some anaerobic organisms; hospital
acquired
Penicillin Adverse Effects:
rash (need to stop if see), neurotoxicity, GI symp
Penicillin effective against:
Gram pos bacteria
,Cephalosporins general
bactericidal; similar structure to penicillin; inhibit cell wall synthesis
Cephalosporins effective against:
Broad spectrum gram pos and neg
Cephalosporins:
1st gen: cefazolin (Keflex) P.O.
2nd gen: cefuroxime (Zinacef)
3rd gen: ceftriaxone (Rocephin)--gonorrhea
4th gen: cefepime (Maxipime)
5th gen: ceftaroline (teflaro)--IV frist ceph effective against MRSA
Uses of cephalosporins
Surgical prophylaxis
UTIs
Penicillin resistant gonorrhea
Cephalosporins Adverse Effects:
cross sensitivity w Penicillin
GI symptoms (take w food)
Carbapenems general:
Broad Spectrum
Bactericidal
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Carbapenems:
imipenem cilastatin (Primaxin)--IV
Use of carbapenems (Primaxin):
, staph
ecoli
complicated body cavity infections
connective tissue infections
acutely ill and hospitalized (normally)
Adverse effects of Carbapenems
Drug induced seizures in children
some cross sensitivity w penicillin
Macrolides general
Bacteriostatic, bacterialcidal (in large doses)
inhibit protein synthesis
Macrolides:
erythromycin (E-mycin) &
azithromycin (Zithromax)
Macrolides: erythromycin (E-mycin)
not often used due to poor compliance
Dosed 4X day
Macrolides: azithromycin (Zithromax)
popular;
take for 5 days--high compliance
Macrolides: azithromycin & erythromycin
Used for:
Staph
strep
gonorrhea
SULFONAMIDES
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole; (Bactrim);--UTIs
silversulfadiazine (Silvadene) ointment--burns
Sulfonamides--trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Adverse Effects:
N/V/D (GI: most ppl); allergic reaction
Sulfonamides--trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Uses
Used for: UTIs
silversulfadiazine (Silvadene)
Ointment: prevent infection in 2nd and 3rd degree burns; cant use if sulfa drug allergy
PENICILLINS
Penicillin G, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin (IV), tazobactam (Zosyn)
Uses of Penicillins:
Gram + bacteria: strep, pneumoccal pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, prevent endocarditis
Penicillin--tazobactam (Zosyn)
New drug extended spectrum; covers gram neg and some anaerobic organisms; hospital
acquired
Penicillin Adverse Effects:
rash (need to stop if see), neurotoxicity, GI symp
Penicillin effective against:
Gram pos bacteria
,Cephalosporins general
bactericidal; similar structure to penicillin; inhibit cell wall synthesis
Cephalosporins effective against:
Broad spectrum gram pos and neg
Cephalosporins:
1st gen: cefazolin (Keflex) P.O.
2nd gen: cefuroxime (Zinacef)
3rd gen: ceftriaxone (Rocephin)--gonorrhea
4th gen: cefepime (Maxipime)
5th gen: ceftaroline (teflaro)--IV frist ceph effective against MRSA
Uses of cephalosporins
Surgical prophylaxis
UTIs
Penicillin resistant gonorrhea
Cephalosporins Adverse Effects:
cross sensitivity w Penicillin
GI symptoms (take w food)
Carbapenems general:
Broad Spectrum
Bactericidal
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Carbapenems:
imipenem cilastatin (Primaxin)--IV
Use of carbapenems (Primaxin):
, staph
ecoli
complicated body cavity infections
connective tissue infections
acutely ill and hospitalized (normally)
Adverse effects of Carbapenems
Drug induced seizures in children
some cross sensitivity w penicillin
Macrolides general
Bacteriostatic, bacterialcidal (in large doses)
inhibit protein synthesis
Macrolides:
erythromycin (E-mycin) &
azithromycin (Zithromax)
Macrolides: erythromycin (E-mycin)
not often used due to poor compliance
Dosed 4X day
Macrolides: azithromycin (Zithromax)
popular;
take for 5 days--high compliance
Macrolides: azithromycin & erythromycin
Used for:
Staph
strep
gonorrhea
