465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Define the mand: - ANSWER a verbal response evoked by an EO and maintained by reinforcement
specific to that EO and response.
Better to determine mands by putting control in _________________ and _________________. -
ANSWER antecedents and consequences
"A mand is a type of verbal operant singled out by its _____________________. It is not a formal unit of
analysis. No response can be said to be a mand by its form alone." (p. 36) - ANSWER controlling variables
"The mand, however, works primarily for the benefit of the ___________________" (p. 36) - ANSWER
speaker
1._____________________:
-inanimate object (doll)
-stimulus generalization
- some physical features alike
-manded for snack at store, not at library
-manded to loved ones picture who has passed away
2. _____________________:
- inanimate object
- no stimulus generalization
- (roll dice) "Come on seven! Stop raining!"
3. ______________________:
,465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
- not inanimate object
-improbability of it coming true is what makes it magical
-ex: I wish 10000$ would drop into my lap - ANSWER 1. Extended Mand
2. Superstitious Mand
3. Magical Mand
Define verbal behavior: - ANSWER Behavior whose reinforcement is mediated by a listener; includes
both vocal verbal behavior and nonvocal-verbal behavior
Two types of behavior: - ANSWER Direct Acting (no other people involved) and Indirect (reinforcement
mediated by another person)
VB is NOT focused on the behavior of the __________________ - ANSWER listener (the bx of the listener
is not verbal behavior)
The interchange between the speaker and listener is the __________________. - ANSWER total verbal
episode
Traditional Formulation: Expression
-Language begins on the __________________. - ANSWER Inside
(expression of ideas, images in the speakers mind,
Problem with Traditional Formulation: Expression? - ANSWER Can't scientifically study and measure
inside events / expressions
Identifying the _________ of a word in VB is NOT helpful - ANSWER meaning
Goals of a New Formulation: Verbal Behavior? - ANSWER description and explanation (prediction,
control)
,465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
New Formulation: Verbal Behavior
- Analysis of ____________ and _______________ (NOT as a group) - ANSWER Speaker and listener
How is meaning found in VB? - ANSWER In the independent variables (antecedents and consequences)
controlling the behaviors
-Meaning is NOT found in the DV (the bx)
VB is any ____________ that can affect another person (not only speech, but also writing, typing, sign
language, etc.) - ANSWER movement
Goal of prediction in VB: predict a ________________ - ANSWER Response Class; not a specific response
ex: instead of just "pass the salt" include any behavior that results in access to the salt
What is a unit of VB? - ANSWER • A bit of verbal behavior with one controlling variable
• Dog may evoke "dog" or "oh, wonderful canine"—both one unit
Measures of VB: - ANSWER -Probability
-Emmission
-Energy Level
-Speed
-Repetition
1. __________________: likelihood of occurring under certain circumstances; related to "operant
strength"
2. __________________: if emitted, at strength • If lots of this occurs, very strong operant/repertoire
3. __________________: loud to soft, firm/light writing
4. __________________: fast = strong, slow = weak; latency from question
, 465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
5. __________________: a lot = strong, less = weak (e.g., "No, no, no!") - ANSWER 1. Probability
2. Emission
3. Energy level
4. Speed
5. Repetition
Skinner argues *against* 1. _____________ and encourages a 2. ________________. - ANSWER 1.
formal analysis
2. functional analysis
when we do early verbal behavior training, teach one word or phrase per ___________1__________;
additional words are more _________2_________. - ANSWER 1. function
2. formal
Types of IV's in VB? - ANSWER -Positive Reinforcement (establishing, maintaining)
-Shaping (important for early verbal development)
-Extinction (reduce verbal behaviors)
-Stimulus Control (not responsible for early babbling- stimulus discrimination: stimuli evoke behavior
based on past SR+)
-Motivating Operations (deprivation, aversive stimulation)
5 verbal operants: - ANSWER Intraverbals
Textual
Tact
Mand
Echoic
(INSIDE) Free Will: - ANSWER mental activity; not physical influences in behavior
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Define the mand: - ANSWER a verbal response evoked by an EO and maintained by reinforcement
specific to that EO and response.
Better to determine mands by putting control in _________________ and _________________. -
ANSWER antecedents and consequences
"A mand is a type of verbal operant singled out by its _____________________. It is not a formal unit of
analysis. No response can be said to be a mand by its form alone." (p. 36) - ANSWER controlling variables
"The mand, however, works primarily for the benefit of the ___________________" (p. 36) - ANSWER
speaker
1._____________________:
-inanimate object (doll)
-stimulus generalization
- some physical features alike
-manded for snack at store, not at library
-manded to loved ones picture who has passed away
2. _____________________:
- inanimate object
- no stimulus generalization
- (roll dice) "Come on seven! Stop raining!"
3. ______________________:
,465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
- not inanimate object
-improbability of it coming true is what makes it magical
-ex: I wish 10000$ would drop into my lap - ANSWER 1. Extended Mand
2. Superstitious Mand
3. Magical Mand
Define verbal behavior: - ANSWER Behavior whose reinforcement is mediated by a listener; includes
both vocal verbal behavior and nonvocal-verbal behavior
Two types of behavior: - ANSWER Direct Acting (no other people involved) and Indirect (reinforcement
mediated by another person)
VB is NOT focused on the behavior of the __________________ - ANSWER listener (the bx of the listener
is not verbal behavior)
The interchange between the speaker and listener is the __________________. - ANSWER total verbal
episode
Traditional Formulation: Expression
-Language begins on the __________________. - ANSWER Inside
(expression of ideas, images in the speakers mind,
Problem with Traditional Formulation: Expression? - ANSWER Can't scientifically study and measure
inside events / expressions
Identifying the _________ of a word in VB is NOT helpful - ANSWER meaning
Goals of a New Formulation: Verbal Behavior? - ANSWER description and explanation (prediction,
control)
,465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
New Formulation: Verbal Behavior
- Analysis of ____________ and _______________ (NOT as a group) - ANSWER Speaker and listener
How is meaning found in VB? - ANSWER In the independent variables (antecedents and consequences)
controlling the behaviors
-Meaning is NOT found in the DV (the bx)
VB is any ____________ that can affect another person (not only speech, but also writing, typing, sign
language, etc.) - ANSWER movement
Goal of prediction in VB: predict a ________________ - ANSWER Response Class; not a specific response
ex: instead of just "pass the salt" include any behavior that results in access to the salt
What is a unit of VB? - ANSWER • A bit of verbal behavior with one controlling variable
• Dog may evoke "dog" or "oh, wonderful canine"—both one unit
Measures of VB: - ANSWER -Probability
-Emmission
-Energy Level
-Speed
-Repetition
1. __________________: likelihood of occurring under certain circumstances; related to "operant
strength"
2. __________________: if emitted, at strength • If lots of this occurs, very strong operant/repertoire
3. __________________: loud to soft, firm/light writing
4. __________________: fast = strong, slow = weak; latency from question
, 465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
5. __________________: a lot = strong, less = weak (e.g., "No, no, no!") - ANSWER 1. Probability
2. Emission
3. Energy level
4. Speed
5. Repetition
Skinner argues *against* 1. _____________ and encourages a 2. ________________. - ANSWER 1.
formal analysis
2. functional analysis
when we do early verbal behavior training, teach one word or phrase per ___________1__________;
additional words are more _________2_________. - ANSWER 1. function
2. formal
Types of IV's in VB? - ANSWER -Positive Reinforcement (establishing, maintaining)
-Shaping (important for early verbal development)
-Extinction (reduce verbal behaviors)
-Stimulus Control (not responsible for early babbling- stimulus discrimination: stimuli evoke behavior
based on past SR+)
-Motivating Operations (deprivation, aversive stimulation)
5 verbal operants: - ANSWER Intraverbals
Textual
Tact
Mand
Echoic
(INSIDE) Free Will: - ANSWER mental activity; not physical influences in behavior
