HSC 300 exam Final question with
answers
Disease and Illness
What is the meaning? - -A disease can be either a mental or physical condition.
-Not all physical diseases are caused by pathogens.
-They may have a genetic cause or may be caused by an autoimmune response.
The perception of feeling the symptoms of a disease is considered an illness.
-When people have the flu or a cold, they usually consider themselves ill.
-Health Definitions
World health organization
2000 joint committee on health education terminology - -"A state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity."
(World Health Organization)
"A quality of life involving dynamic interaction and independence among the individual's
physical well-being, his (sic) mental and emotional reactions, the social complex in which he
(sic) exists."
(2000 Joint Committee on Health Education Terminology)
"An integrated method of functioning that is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which
the individual is capable."
(2000 Joint Committee on Health Education Terminology)
-Illness Prevention Versus Health Enhancement - -Illness Prevention
-Avoiding illness is highest priority
-Motivated by return to health or alleviation of symptoms
-Minimal goal
-Desire immediate or short-term results
-Need measurable results
-Time-limited activity
-Medical-centered motivation
-Authority dominated
-Fear as motivator
-External checks mandatory
-External rewards
-Specific behaviors
-Reactive (to symptoms or threat of symptoms)
Health Enhancement
-High health is high priority. Enjoy healthy behaviors.
,-Motivated by feeling good, better, or best
-Maximal goal
-Desire long-term results
-More nebulous results are OK
-On-going activity
-Ego-centric motivation
-Internal control
-Accomplishment as motivator
-Few external checks
-Internal rewards
-Diffuse behaviors
-Proactive (doesn't need negative force)
-Orthodox Medicine Practices? - -Orthodox medicine is also known as traditional medicine.
Practitioners of orthodox medicine include Physicians, Dentists, Nurses, Social Workers, Health
Educators, etc.
There are two types of traditional physicians:
-An allopathic physician is the medical doctor (MD).
-An osteopathic physician is the DO.
-Both have similar academic training and clinical experiences.
-CAM
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) - -"Group of diverse medical and health care
systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional
medicine."
(National Center for Complementary
and Alternative Medicine)
Many such approaches emphasize the role of the individual in maintaining his or her health.
-CAM
Complementary and Alternative Medicine - -Those therapies used to complement traditional
medical therapies are identified as complementary (e.g., use of aromatherapy after surgery).
Those used as a replacement for traditional medical practices are known as alternative (e.g., use
of special diet for cancer rather than surgery or chemotherapy).
-CAM
CAM and Orthodox Medicine-similarities and differences - -Both Orthodox Medicine and CAM
embrace holistic health concepts.
CAM practices are generally viewed as unorthodox from the standpoint of scientific medicine as
currently taught in medical schools.
,Alternative health care is probably more emphatic on the role of the individual in maintaining his
or her own health.
Practitioners of Orthodox Medicine must fulfill certain kinds and amounts of training, education,
and licensing.
They tend to treat symptoms of a disease or some other sick or unhealthy state.
Alternative healthcare givers embrace a wide variety of possible practices and emphasize the
body's natural self restoration properties.
-CAM Therapies
Five categories
(as designated by the NCCAM)
Alternative medical systems
biological-based therapies
mind-body interventions
manipulative and body-based therapies
energy therapies - -1) Alternative medical systems -alternative medicine, traditional Chinese
medicine, naturopathic medicine, and Ayurvedic medicine
2) Biologically based therapies-dietary supplements and herbal medicine
3) Mind-body interventions -meditation prayer mental healing art music and dance
4) Manipulative and body based therapies-chiropractic osteopath massage
5) Energy therapies-Qi gong,Reiki, therapeutic touch, pulse feels , magnetic fields
-Alternative medical systems - -homeopathic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine,
naturopathic medicine, and Ayurvedic medicine
-Biologically based therapies - -dietary supplements and herbal medicine
-Mind-body interventions - -meditation, prayer, mental healing, art, music, and dance
-Manipulative and body based therapies - -chiropractic, osteopathic, and massage
-Energy therapies - -Qi gong, Reiki, therapeutic touch, pulsed fields, and magnetic fields
-CAM Therapies: other examples - -Prayer utilized for healing
Faith healing
Spirituality
Acupuncture
Acupressure
Alexander Technique
Reflexology
Orthomolecular nutrition
Aerobics
Yoga
, Tai chi ch'uan
Hypnosis
Biofeedback
Deep breathing exercises
Clinical ecology
Psychic and occult groups
-CAM
Why Do People Seek Alternative Health Care? (Three major reasons) - -1.Dissatisfaction with
the expense associated with conventional treatment.
2.To feel a greater sense of control over their own treatment.
3.Compatibility between the philosophy of certain therapies and patients' own beliefs about their
personal health care.
-CAM - Persuasive Appeal of CAM - -Nature linked with certain terminology such as "natural."
Pure versus synthetics
Natural rather than artificial
Organic as opposed to processed.
In 2007, $34 billion dollars were spent to seek "natural" means to good health.
-Health consumer Consumer Health - -It deals with the decisions individuals make with regard
to the purchase and use of the available health products and services that will have a direct effect
on their health (Corrnacchia et al., 2007).
It involves the economic, or monetary, aspects of health over which individuals have control.
Consumer health includes self-motivated or self-initiated actions
May include the purchase of a bottle of aspirin tablets or a dentifrice or the selection of a
physician, dentist or nursing home.
It is not what health departments or others do to control disease through clinics or information.
However, a consumer's decision to use such services or information is consumer health
(Cornacchia et al., 2007).
-Health consumer - What Does It Mean To Be A Health Consumer? - -Because we are
consumers of goods and services, including health services, we need to make wise and intelligent
decisions when spending our money to buy "good health."
answers
Disease and Illness
What is the meaning? - -A disease can be either a mental or physical condition.
-Not all physical diseases are caused by pathogens.
-They may have a genetic cause or may be caused by an autoimmune response.
The perception of feeling the symptoms of a disease is considered an illness.
-When people have the flu or a cold, they usually consider themselves ill.
-Health Definitions
World health organization
2000 joint committee on health education terminology - -"A state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity."
(World Health Organization)
"A quality of life involving dynamic interaction and independence among the individual's
physical well-being, his (sic) mental and emotional reactions, the social complex in which he
(sic) exists."
(2000 Joint Committee on Health Education Terminology)
"An integrated method of functioning that is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which
the individual is capable."
(2000 Joint Committee on Health Education Terminology)
-Illness Prevention Versus Health Enhancement - -Illness Prevention
-Avoiding illness is highest priority
-Motivated by return to health or alleviation of symptoms
-Minimal goal
-Desire immediate or short-term results
-Need measurable results
-Time-limited activity
-Medical-centered motivation
-Authority dominated
-Fear as motivator
-External checks mandatory
-External rewards
-Specific behaviors
-Reactive (to symptoms or threat of symptoms)
Health Enhancement
-High health is high priority. Enjoy healthy behaviors.
,-Motivated by feeling good, better, or best
-Maximal goal
-Desire long-term results
-More nebulous results are OK
-On-going activity
-Ego-centric motivation
-Internal control
-Accomplishment as motivator
-Few external checks
-Internal rewards
-Diffuse behaviors
-Proactive (doesn't need negative force)
-Orthodox Medicine Practices? - -Orthodox medicine is also known as traditional medicine.
Practitioners of orthodox medicine include Physicians, Dentists, Nurses, Social Workers, Health
Educators, etc.
There are two types of traditional physicians:
-An allopathic physician is the medical doctor (MD).
-An osteopathic physician is the DO.
-Both have similar academic training and clinical experiences.
-CAM
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) - -"Group of diverse medical and health care
systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional
medicine."
(National Center for Complementary
and Alternative Medicine)
Many such approaches emphasize the role of the individual in maintaining his or her health.
-CAM
Complementary and Alternative Medicine - -Those therapies used to complement traditional
medical therapies are identified as complementary (e.g., use of aromatherapy after surgery).
Those used as a replacement for traditional medical practices are known as alternative (e.g., use
of special diet for cancer rather than surgery or chemotherapy).
-CAM
CAM and Orthodox Medicine-similarities and differences - -Both Orthodox Medicine and CAM
embrace holistic health concepts.
CAM practices are generally viewed as unorthodox from the standpoint of scientific medicine as
currently taught in medical schools.
,Alternative health care is probably more emphatic on the role of the individual in maintaining his
or her own health.
Practitioners of Orthodox Medicine must fulfill certain kinds and amounts of training, education,
and licensing.
They tend to treat symptoms of a disease or some other sick or unhealthy state.
Alternative healthcare givers embrace a wide variety of possible practices and emphasize the
body's natural self restoration properties.
-CAM Therapies
Five categories
(as designated by the NCCAM)
Alternative medical systems
biological-based therapies
mind-body interventions
manipulative and body-based therapies
energy therapies - -1) Alternative medical systems -alternative medicine, traditional Chinese
medicine, naturopathic medicine, and Ayurvedic medicine
2) Biologically based therapies-dietary supplements and herbal medicine
3) Mind-body interventions -meditation prayer mental healing art music and dance
4) Manipulative and body based therapies-chiropractic osteopath massage
5) Energy therapies-Qi gong,Reiki, therapeutic touch, pulse feels , magnetic fields
-Alternative medical systems - -homeopathic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine,
naturopathic medicine, and Ayurvedic medicine
-Biologically based therapies - -dietary supplements and herbal medicine
-Mind-body interventions - -meditation, prayer, mental healing, art, music, and dance
-Manipulative and body based therapies - -chiropractic, osteopathic, and massage
-Energy therapies - -Qi gong, Reiki, therapeutic touch, pulsed fields, and magnetic fields
-CAM Therapies: other examples - -Prayer utilized for healing
Faith healing
Spirituality
Acupuncture
Acupressure
Alexander Technique
Reflexology
Orthomolecular nutrition
Aerobics
Yoga
, Tai chi ch'uan
Hypnosis
Biofeedback
Deep breathing exercises
Clinical ecology
Psychic and occult groups
-CAM
Why Do People Seek Alternative Health Care? (Three major reasons) - -1.Dissatisfaction with
the expense associated with conventional treatment.
2.To feel a greater sense of control over their own treatment.
3.Compatibility between the philosophy of certain therapies and patients' own beliefs about their
personal health care.
-CAM - Persuasive Appeal of CAM - -Nature linked with certain terminology such as "natural."
Pure versus synthetics
Natural rather than artificial
Organic as opposed to processed.
In 2007, $34 billion dollars were spent to seek "natural" means to good health.
-Health consumer Consumer Health - -It deals with the decisions individuals make with regard
to the purchase and use of the available health products and services that will have a direct effect
on their health (Corrnacchia et al., 2007).
It involves the economic, or monetary, aspects of health over which individuals have control.
Consumer health includes self-motivated or self-initiated actions
May include the purchase of a bottle of aspirin tablets or a dentifrice or the selection of a
physician, dentist or nursing home.
It is not what health departments or others do to control disease through clinics or information.
However, a consumer's decision to use such services or information is consumer health
(Cornacchia et al., 2007).
-Health consumer - What Does It Mean To Be A Health Consumer? - -Because we are
consumers of goods and services, including health services, we need to make wise and intelligent
decisions when spending our money to buy "good health."
