NSG500 Exam 1 LATEST UPDATE
Florence Nightingale's Impact on Nursing - (ANSWER)During the Crimean War (1850's),
Nightingale changed the way soldiers were cared for; fought to allow her nurses to the front
lines; reduced mortality from 40% to 2.2%
Florence Nightingale's Evidence & Improvements at the soldier's hospital (during Crimean War)
- (ANSWER)In the soldier's hospital, in the year 1854 and against strong physician opposition,
Nightingale worked with 38 nurses that she hired to improve the environment and personal
condition of every soldier. She and her nurses also promoted their health by cleanliness, fresh air,
clean water, and good nutrition
Florence Nightingale post-Crimean War - (ANSWER)Following the war, Nightingale returned
to England and, against physician opposition (only 4 of 100 physicians approved), established a
nursing school at St. Thomas Hospital thanks to a donation from the public equal to $200k. At
the nursing school, Nightingale developed an educational program based on the science of the
time.
Nursing School at St. Thomas Hospital - (ANSWER)Nightingale's curriculum had a key
component--that nurses need to observe changes in their patients and report them to the
physician.
Florence understood the important of the consistent presence of nurses with a patient, and that
that is central to the nursing role
Florence Nightingale's Nursing Education Model - (ANSWER)Nightingale combined didactic
content and bedside experience; this model is still followed in all nursing programs today
Key to this model is that Nightingale based it on a nursing superintendent being in charge of
nurses and nursing students--not physicians. To this day, nurses regulate ourselves.
Early Nursing Education in the United States - (ANSWER)During the mid-1800's, the first
hospital based nursing training programs were administered by physicians, not nurses.
The Civil War gave rise to early efforts to develop nursing as a recognized and distinct
profession--not just the off shoot of the "woman's role"
Nursing During the Late 1800's in the United States - (ANSWER)During this period, nurses
were trained at apprentice programs in hospitals, there were no actual nursing schools. Nurses
were not in charge of nurses, so graduates of these programs were more aligned with the hospital
and physicians than with the patient.
First Professional Nursing Organizations - (ANSWER)The American Society of Superintendents
of Training Schools was formed in the mid-1890's
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, In 1912, it became the National League of Nursing (NLN). NLN is still one of the main nursing
education organizations.
Also in 1912, the Nurses Associated Alumni of the US and Canada became the American Nurses
Association
The American Nurses Association (ANA) - (ANSWER)The ANA is the professional
organization for all nurses, regardless of specialty area or level of education.
The ANA writes the professional standards, the code of ethics, and works with State Boards of
Nursing to regulate the nursing practice
State Regulation of Nursing - (ANSWER)States began to regulate the licensing of nurses in the
early-1900's. Illinois was the first state to require that nurses be licensed in 1907
Nursing Evolution During World War 1 - (ANSWER)More nurses were needed with the onset of
WW1; thus opportunity for development of the profession occurred--John Hopkins and
Columbia University started a BSN level nursing education.
Linda Richards - (ANSWER)The first nurse to graduate in the United States from a formal
nursing program (the program she attended was founded by Dr. Susan Dimock at the New
England Hospital for Women and Children in 1873; Dimock died in 1875)
The Goldmark Report - (ANSWER)During WW1, the Goldmark Report called for all nurses to
be education in universities and for hospital based training to be terminated.
Role of Nurses in Public Health (early 1900's) - (ANSWER)During the early 1900's, public
health became an area for the most autonomous practice of nursing. The focus was on helping
the poor and destitute.
Key players were Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster.
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster - (ANSWER)Lillian and Mary started the Nurses Settlement
House in the NYC tenements, which became the Henry Street Settlement. This effort then
developed into the Visiting Nurses Society, and served as a model for other community nursing
efforts.
Margaret Sanger - (ANSWER)Margaret Sanger is a key example of nurses advocating for
patients. She fought to make birth control available and safe for all women. Her organization
became what we know as Planned Parenthood
Nursing Education Changes in the Mid 20th Century - (ANSWER)During this time, nursing
education moved out from physician driven hospital programs to college and university based
programs. At the same time, in response to many nursing shortages, community colleges
developed 2 year ADN programs
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Florence Nightingale's Impact on Nursing - (ANSWER)During the Crimean War (1850's),
Nightingale changed the way soldiers were cared for; fought to allow her nurses to the front
lines; reduced mortality from 40% to 2.2%
Florence Nightingale's Evidence & Improvements at the soldier's hospital (during Crimean War)
- (ANSWER)In the soldier's hospital, in the year 1854 and against strong physician opposition,
Nightingale worked with 38 nurses that she hired to improve the environment and personal
condition of every soldier. She and her nurses also promoted their health by cleanliness, fresh air,
clean water, and good nutrition
Florence Nightingale post-Crimean War - (ANSWER)Following the war, Nightingale returned
to England and, against physician opposition (only 4 of 100 physicians approved), established a
nursing school at St. Thomas Hospital thanks to a donation from the public equal to $200k. At
the nursing school, Nightingale developed an educational program based on the science of the
time.
Nursing School at St. Thomas Hospital - (ANSWER)Nightingale's curriculum had a key
component--that nurses need to observe changes in their patients and report them to the
physician.
Florence understood the important of the consistent presence of nurses with a patient, and that
that is central to the nursing role
Florence Nightingale's Nursing Education Model - (ANSWER)Nightingale combined didactic
content and bedside experience; this model is still followed in all nursing programs today
Key to this model is that Nightingale based it on a nursing superintendent being in charge of
nurses and nursing students--not physicians. To this day, nurses regulate ourselves.
Early Nursing Education in the United States - (ANSWER)During the mid-1800's, the first
hospital based nursing training programs were administered by physicians, not nurses.
The Civil War gave rise to early efforts to develop nursing as a recognized and distinct
profession--not just the off shoot of the "woman's role"
Nursing During the Late 1800's in the United States - (ANSWER)During this period, nurses
were trained at apprentice programs in hospitals, there were no actual nursing schools. Nurses
were not in charge of nurses, so graduates of these programs were more aligned with the hospital
and physicians than with the patient.
First Professional Nursing Organizations - (ANSWER)The American Society of Superintendents
of Training Schools was formed in the mid-1890's
Page | 1
, In 1912, it became the National League of Nursing (NLN). NLN is still one of the main nursing
education organizations.
Also in 1912, the Nurses Associated Alumni of the US and Canada became the American Nurses
Association
The American Nurses Association (ANA) - (ANSWER)The ANA is the professional
organization for all nurses, regardless of specialty area or level of education.
The ANA writes the professional standards, the code of ethics, and works with State Boards of
Nursing to regulate the nursing practice
State Regulation of Nursing - (ANSWER)States began to regulate the licensing of nurses in the
early-1900's. Illinois was the first state to require that nurses be licensed in 1907
Nursing Evolution During World War 1 - (ANSWER)More nurses were needed with the onset of
WW1; thus opportunity for development of the profession occurred--John Hopkins and
Columbia University started a BSN level nursing education.
Linda Richards - (ANSWER)The first nurse to graduate in the United States from a formal
nursing program (the program she attended was founded by Dr. Susan Dimock at the New
England Hospital for Women and Children in 1873; Dimock died in 1875)
The Goldmark Report - (ANSWER)During WW1, the Goldmark Report called for all nurses to
be education in universities and for hospital based training to be terminated.
Role of Nurses in Public Health (early 1900's) - (ANSWER)During the early 1900's, public
health became an area for the most autonomous practice of nursing. The focus was on helping
the poor and destitute.
Key players were Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster.
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster - (ANSWER)Lillian and Mary started the Nurses Settlement
House in the NYC tenements, which became the Henry Street Settlement. This effort then
developed into the Visiting Nurses Society, and served as a model for other community nursing
efforts.
Margaret Sanger - (ANSWER)Margaret Sanger is a key example of nurses advocating for
patients. She fought to make birth control available and safe for all women. Her organization
became what we know as Planned Parenthood
Nursing Education Changes in the Mid 20th Century - (ANSWER)During this time, nursing
education moved out from physician driven hospital programs to college and university based
programs. At the same time, in response to many nursing shortages, community colleges
developed 2 year ADN programs
Page | 2
