CMSRN #2
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to decreased
serum sodium concentration? - Answer-dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - Answer-edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - Answer-fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? - Answer-true hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia - Answer-dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension, tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia - Answer-replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia - Answer-burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without loss of sodium?
- Answer-hypernatremia
,causes of hypernatremia - Answer-fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia - Answer-dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia - Answer-decrease sodium, replace fluids
which electrolyte does sodium work with? - Answer-chloride - works to maintain acid/base balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? - Answer-renal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? - Answer-PH, insulin, calcium
causes of hyperkalemia - Answer-cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium sparing diuretics,
renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia - Answer-irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive bowels, bladder
treatment of hyperkalemia - Answer-limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose and insulin,
dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? - Answer-
hyperkalemia
what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - Answer-potassium
causes of hypokalemia - Answer-vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns, potassium
wasting diuretics
, symptoms of hypokalemia - Answer-muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation, alkalosis, shallow
respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia - Answer-potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
normal calcium level - Answer-9-10.5
where is calcium stored? - Answer-bones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - Answer-Vitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - Answer-phosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - Answer-hypocalcemia
causes for hypercalcemia - Answer-cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive vitamin D,
thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia - Answer-sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred speech, impaired
memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia - Answer-decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics, phosphate
administration
causes of hypocalcemia - Answer-decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased phosphate levels,
renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to decreased
serum sodium concentration? - Answer-dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - Answer-edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - Answer-fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? - Answer-true hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia - Answer-dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension, tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia - Answer-replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia - Answer-burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without loss of sodium?
- Answer-hypernatremia
,causes of hypernatremia - Answer-fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia - Answer-dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia - Answer-decrease sodium, replace fluids
which electrolyte does sodium work with? - Answer-chloride - works to maintain acid/base balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? - Answer-renal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? - Answer-PH, insulin, calcium
causes of hyperkalemia - Answer-cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium sparing diuretics,
renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia - Answer-irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive bowels, bladder
treatment of hyperkalemia - Answer-limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose and insulin,
dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? - Answer-
hyperkalemia
what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - Answer-potassium
causes of hypokalemia - Answer-vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns, potassium
wasting diuretics
, symptoms of hypokalemia - Answer-muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation, alkalosis, shallow
respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia - Answer-potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
normal calcium level - Answer-9-10.5
where is calcium stored? - Answer-bones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - Answer-Vitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - Answer-phosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - Answer-hypocalcemia
causes for hypercalcemia - Answer-cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive vitamin D,
thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia - Answer-sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred speech, impaired
memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia - Answer-decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics, phosphate
administration
causes of hypocalcemia - Answer-decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased phosphate levels,
renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
