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Samenvatting Centraal zenuwstelsel - stelselmatige weefselleer

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Samenvatting op basis van de slides, prof Vral

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Centraal zenuwstelsel
Witte stof:
- Gemyeliniseerde axonen en neuroglia
Grijze stof:
- Cellichamen van neuronen, gemyeliniseerde en vooral niet gemyeliniseerde axonen en
neuroglia
- Bevat geen collageen ( zeer zacht, kan makkelijk beschadigt worden)
Hersenvliezen:
- BW met bloedvaten
- Omgeven door hersenen


1 CEREBRUM
= grote hersenen
Cerebrale cortex: (= schors)
- Fylogenetische indeling:
 Iso- of neocortex (6-lagig)
 Allocortex = archiocortex (3-lagig) + paleocortex (3-
5-lagig)
- Bevat grijze stof
- Minstens 6-lagig
 Gliacellen, bloedvaten
 Neuronen (perikarya + vezels)
- Variatie in cellulaire samenstelling, synapsen, grootte v/d neuronen, dikte, bestemming
axonen


1.1 GRIJZE STOF
6 lagen: onderverdeling op basis van celtype, #cellen en schikking




1) Lamina molecularis
= moleculaire (plexiforme) laag
 Uitlopers van cellen uit diepere lagen
 Horizontale cellen van Cajal

,  Rozenbottelneuronen (= remmende neuron)
 Associatie laag

2) Lamina granularis externa
= buitenste korrellaag
 Kleine multipolaire neuronen
 Korrelcellen (= stervormige cellen)
 Dendrieten  lamina molecularis
 Axonen  witte stof of lamina molecularis
 Receptorcellen

3) Lamina pyramidalis externa
= buitenste pyramidale laag
 Pyramidale cellen
 Cellen van Martinotti

4) Lamina granularis interna
= binnenste korrellaag
 Korrelcellen: kleine onregelmatige neuronen
 Laag van Baillarger: afferente horizontale vezels
 Sterk ontwikkeld in sensorische zones

5) Lamina pyramidalis interna
= binnenste pyramidale laag
 Pyramidale cellen
 Sterk ontwikkeld in motorische zone v/ hersenen  cellen van Betz (=motorische
neuronen)

6) Lamina multiformis
= polymorfe (multiforme) laag
 Zeer breed
 Verschillende celtypes: spoelvormige, korrelvormige, stervormige
 Diepste laag: lamina infima
Lamina limitans gliae superficialis: buitenste grens schors, astrocytenvoetjes


1.2 WITTE STOF
Vezels = gemyeliniseerde axonen
- In verschillende richtingen
- In dezelfde richting (=bundel/tractus)
3 hoofdrichtingen:
1) Associatievezels:
 Verschillende delen v/e zelfde hemisfeer
2) Commissurale vezels:
 Tussen 2 hemisferen
3) Projectievezels:
 Naar lagere centra
Parallel met cortex:
1) Tangentiële vezels

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March 2, 2025
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