BIOD331
Overview of Pathophysiology & Cell Biology
Final Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
- Question: Which of the following cellular structures is
primarily responsible for generating ATP in eukaryotic cells?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Golgi apparatus
- ANS: C. Mitochondria
©2025
, - Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, where
oxidative phosphorylation occurs to produce ATP.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
- Question: The primary function of the ________ is to store
and transmit genetic information.
- ANS: nucleus
- Rationale: The nucleus houses the cell's DNA, which contains
the instructions for protein synthesis and genetic inheritance.
3. True/False
- Question: Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is
essential for normal development and homeostasis.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Apoptosis eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells
in a controlled manner, preventing harm to surrounding tissues.
4. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
components of the extracellular matrix?
- A. Collagen
- B. Elastin
©2025
, - C. Actin
- D. Proteoglycans
- ANSs: A. Collagen, B. Elastin, D. Proteoglycans
- Rationale: The extracellular matrix is composed of collagen,
elastin, proteoglycans, and other molecules that provide structural
support to tissues.
5. Multiple Choice
- Question: In the context of cell signaling, what is the role of a
kinase enzyme?
- A. DNA replication
- B. Protein synthesis
- C. Phosphorylation of target proteins
- D. Lipid metabolism
- ANS: C. Phosphorylation of target proteins
- Rationale: Kinase enzymes transfer phosphate groups to
specific proteins, altering their activity and function in signaling
pathways.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
- Question: The process of ________ involves the engulfment of
large particles or cells by a phagocyte.
©2025
, - ANS: phagocytosis
- Rationale: Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where a cell
engulfs large particles, such as pathogens, for degradation.
7. True/False
- Question: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between
the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's
ability to detoxify them.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Oxidative stress results from excessive ROS,
leading to cellular damage and contributing to various diseases.
8. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
features of necrosis?
- A. Inflammatory response
- B. Cell swelling
- C. DNA fragmentation
- D. Plasma membrane rupture
- ANSs: A. Inflammatory response, B. Cell swelling, D. Plasma
membrane rupture
©2025
Overview of Pathophysiology & Cell Biology
Final Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
- Question: Which of the following cellular structures is
primarily responsible for generating ATP in eukaryotic cells?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Golgi apparatus
- ANS: C. Mitochondria
©2025
, - Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, where
oxidative phosphorylation occurs to produce ATP.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
- Question: The primary function of the ________ is to store
and transmit genetic information.
- ANS: nucleus
- Rationale: The nucleus houses the cell's DNA, which contains
the instructions for protein synthesis and genetic inheritance.
3. True/False
- Question: Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is
essential for normal development and homeostasis.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Apoptosis eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells
in a controlled manner, preventing harm to surrounding tissues.
4. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
components of the extracellular matrix?
- A. Collagen
- B. Elastin
©2025
, - C. Actin
- D. Proteoglycans
- ANSs: A. Collagen, B. Elastin, D. Proteoglycans
- Rationale: The extracellular matrix is composed of collagen,
elastin, proteoglycans, and other molecules that provide structural
support to tissues.
5. Multiple Choice
- Question: In the context of cell signaling, what is the role of a
kinase enzyme?
- A. DNA replication
- B. Protein synthesis
- C. Phosphorylation of target proteins
- D. Lipid metabolism
- ANS: C. Phosphorylation of target proteins
- Rationale: Kinase enzymes transfer phosphate groups to
specific proteins, altering their activity and function in signaling
pathways.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
- Question: The process of ________ involves the engulfment of
large particles or cells by a phagocyte.
©2025
, - ANS: phagocytosis
- Rationale: Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where a cell
engulfs large particles, such as pathogens, for degradation.
7. True/False
- Question: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between
the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's
ability to detoxify them.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Oxidative stress results from excessive ROS,
leading to cellular damage and contributing to various diseases.
8. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
features of necrosis?
- A. Inflammatory response
- B. Cell swelling
- C. DNA fragmentation
- D. Plasma membrane rupture
- ANSs: A. Inflammatory response, B. Cell swelling, D. Plasma
membrane rupture
©2025
