BIOD331
Neural Function Disorders
Final Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
- Question: Which of the following neurotransmitters is
primarily associated with inhibitory signals in the central nervous
system?
- A. Glutamate
- B. Acetylcholine
- C. GABA
- D. Dopamine
- ANS: C. GABA
©2025
, - Rationale: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the main
inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, reducing neuronal
excitability.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
- Question: The degeneration of ________ in the substantia
nigra is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease.
- ANS: dopaminergic neurons
- Rationale: Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor
symptoms.
3. True/False
- Question: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder
that affects the myelin sheath of central nervous system neurons.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: MS involves immune-mediated damage to the
myelin sheath, leading to disrupted neural conduction and various
neurological symptoms.
4. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
common symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
- A. Muscle weakness
©2025
, - B. Cognitive impairment
- C. Dysphagia
- D. Visual disturbances
- ANSs: A. Muscle weakness, B. Cognitive impairment, C.
Dysphagia
- Rationale: ALS primarily affects motor neurons, leading to
muscle weakness, cognitive impairment, and difficulty
swallowing (dysphagia), but not visual disturbances.
5. Multiple Choice
- Question: In Alzheimer's disease, which protein accumulates
abnormally to form plaques in the brain?
- A. Tau
- B. Alpha-synuclein
- C. Beta-amyloid
- D. Prion
- ANS: C. Beta-amyloid
- Rationale: Beta-amyloid plaques are a characteristic feature of
Alzheimer's disease and are implicated in neurodegeneration.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
©2025
, - Question: The neurotransmitter ________ is primarily
involved in the regulation of mood, appetite, and sleep.
- ANS: serotonin
- Rationale: Serotonin plays a key role in regulating mood,
appetite, and sleep, and its imbalance is associated with various
psychiatric disorders.
7. True/False
- Question: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by
recurrent, unprovoked seizures.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Epilepsy involves recurrent seizures without a
direct provocation, caused by abnormal electrical activity in the
brain.
8. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are risk
factors for developing stroke?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hyperlipidemia
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Physical activity
©2025
Neural Function Disorders
Final Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
- Question: Which of the following neurotransmitters is
primarily associated with inhibitory signals in the central nervous
system?
- A. Glutamate
- B. Acetylcholine
- C. GABA
- D. Dopamine
- ANS: C. GABA
©2025
, - Rationale: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the main
inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, reducing neuronal
excitability.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
- Question: The degeneration of ________ in the substantia
nigra is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease.
- ANS: dopaminergic neurons
- Rationale: Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor
symptoms.
3. True/False
- Question: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder
that affects the myelin sheath of central nervous system neurons.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: MS involves immune-mediated damage to the
myelin sheath, leading to disrupted neural conduction and various
neurological symptoms.
4. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
common symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
- A. Muscle weakness
©2025
, - B. Cognitive impairment
- C. Dysphagia
- D. Visual disturbances
- ANSs: A. Muscle weakness, B. Cognitive impairment, C.
Dysphagia
- Rationale: ALS primarily affects motor neurons, leading to
muscle weakness, cognitive impairment, and difficulty
swallowing (dysphagia), but not visual disturbances.
5. Multiple Choice
- Question: In Alzheimer's disease, which protein accumulates
abnormally to form plaques in the brain?
- A. Tau
- B. Alpha-synuclein
- C. Beta-amyloid
- D. Prion
- ANS: C. Beta-amyloid
- Rationale: Beta-amyloid plaques are a characteristic feature of
Alzheimer's disease and are implicated in neurodegeneration.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
©2025
, - Question: The neurotransmitter ________ is primarily
involved in the regulation of mood, appetite, and sleep.
- ANS: serotonin
- Rationale: Serotonin plays a key role in regulating mood,
appetite, and sleep, and its imbalance is associated with various
psychiatric disorders.
7. True/False
- Question: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by
recurrent, unprovoked seizures.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Epilepsy involves recurrent seizures without a
direct provocation, caused by abnormal electrical activity in the
brain.
8. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are risk
factors for developing stroke?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hyperlipidemia
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Physical activity
©2025
