Essential Cell Biology Chapter 11
What are the advantages of compartmentation? - ANS-allows for the creation of ordered
systems and efficiency of processes
What are the disadvantages of compartmentation? - ANS-obtaining nutrients, energy, and
information is harder as well as disposing of waste and information.
What are the primary functions of membranes? - ANS-compartmentation, scaffolding, keeping
ion imbalance, energy transformation, gas and water exchange, nutrient uptake, catalysis,
cellular communication, binding, and transportation.
true or false: the only membrane is that which surrounds the cell. - ANS-false. All the organelles
are membrane bound, especially the nucleus. These are called inter cellular membranes.
What is a membrane made of? - ANS-a hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer
What in the membrane is used for transmission and communication? - ANS-proteins embedded
in the membrane.
Why is the a hydrophobic lipid bilayer the ideal structure for a membrane? - ANS-helps keep
hydrophilic molecules in separate compartments
What is the general structure of a phospholipid? - ANS-functional group, phosphate group, and
a glycerol group make up the head which is attached to two hydrocarbon tails
is the head group of a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic? - ANS-hydrophilic. The head
group is polar, which is ideal for a stable interaction with an aqueous environment.
is the tail group of a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic? - ANS-hydrophobic. The tails are
made of long hydrocarbons which are non polar and do not have a stable interaction with
aqueous environments.
What is the advantage of the structure of a phospholipid? - ANS-Because lipids contain polar
and non polar groups, they easily form membranes in aqueous environments.
What are triacylglycerol commonly known as? - ANS-fats and oils
What is the charge and structure of triacylglycerols? - ANS-triacylglycerols are nonpolar making
them hydrophobic. a glycerol group has two hydrocarbon tails on one end and one hydrocarbon
tail on the other.
, what is the charge on cholesterol? - ANS-they are polar and tend to be partially charged.
What are the two classes of lipids? - ANS-storage and membrane lipids
What is the main storage lipid? - ANS-triacylglycerols
What are the two classes of membrane lipids? - ANS-phospholipids and glycolipids
What are the two classes of phospholipids? - ANS-glycerolphospholipids and sphingolipids
What is the main class of glycolipids? - ANS-sphingolipids
What additional group do glycolipids contain? - ANS-a monosaccharide group or
oligosaccharide group
What is the general structure of glycerolphospholipids? - ANS-two fatty acid tails attached to a
glycerol group which is attached to a phosphate which is attached to an alcohol
What is the general structure of a sphingolipids - ANS-one fatty acid tail attached to a
sphingosine attached to a phosphate attached to a choline if it is a phospholipid
OR
one fatty acid tail attached to a sphingosine attached to a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide.
What are the major head groups for glycerolphospolipids? When those head groups are
present, what is the lipid name? - ANS-choline, serine, ethanolamine, inositol
phosphatidylcholine, phosphotidylserine, phosphotidylthanolamine, phosphotidylinositol
What makes a glycerolphospholipid different from other phospholipids? - ANS-there are two
alcohols which are linked to one fatty acid chain. The fatty acid chain contains a carbonyl group
What is the defining feature of a sphingolipid? - ANS-there is no carboxylic acid group, instead
there are 2 hydroxyl groups and an amine group
What are the four major sphingolipids and their defining features? - ANS-1. sphingosine is just
sphingosine
2. ceramide is a sphingosine group plus a fatty acid. it contains an amide bond
3. sphingomyelin is a ceramide with a phosphocholine head group
4. glycosphingolipids, are ceramide with a mono or ogliosaccharide.
phospholipids are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic because of their polar head an non polar
tail. What is another name for something which is bother hydrophilic and hydrophobic. -
ANS-amphipathic
What are the advantages of compartmentation? - ANS-allows for the creation of ordered
systems and efficiency of processes
What are the disadvantages of compartmentation? - ANS-obtaining nutrients, energy, and
information is harder as well as disposing of waste and information.
What are the primary functions of membranes? - ANS-compartmentation, scaffolding, keeping
ion imbalance, energy transformation, gas and water exchange, nutrient uptake, catalysis,
cellular communication, binding, and transportation.
true or false: the only membrane is that which surrounds the cell. - ANS-false. All the organelles
are membrane bound, especially the nucleus. These are called inter cellular membranes.
What is a membrane made of? - ANS-a hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer
What in the membrane is used for transmission and communication? - ANS-proteins embedded
in the membrane.
Why is the a hydrophobic lipid bilayer the ideal structure for a membrane? - ANS-helps keep
hydrophilic molecules in separate compartments
What is the general structure of a phospholipid? - ANS-functional group, phosphate group, and
a glycerol group make up the head which is attached to two hydrocarbon tails
is the head group of a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic? - ANS-hydrophilic. The head
group is polar, which is ideal for a stable interaction with an aqueous environment.
is the tail group of a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic? - ANS-hydrophobic. The tails are
made of long hydrocarbons which are non polar and do not have a stable interaction with
aqueous environments.
What is the advantage of the structure of a phospholipid? - ANS-Because lipids contain polar
and non polar groups, they easily form membranes in aqueous environments.
What are triacylglycerol commonly known as? - ANS-fats and oils
What is the charge and structure of triacylglycerols? - ANS-triacylglycerols are nonpolar making
them hydrophobic. a glycerol group has two hydrocarbon tails on one end and one hydrocarbon
tail on the other.
, what is the charge on cholesterol? - ANS-they are polar and tend to be partially charged.
What are the two classes of lipids? - ANS-storage and membrane lipids
What is the main storage lipid? - ANS-triacylglycerols
What are the two classes of membrane lipids? - ANS-phospholipids and glycolipids
What are the two classes of phospholipids? - ANS-glycerolphospholipids and sphingolipids
What is the main class of glycolipids? - ANS-sphingolipids
What additional group do glycolipids contain? - ANS-a monosaccharide group or
oligosaccharide group
What is the general structure of glycerolphospholipids? - ANS-two fatty acid tails attached to a
glycerol group which is attached to a phosphate which is attached to an alcohol
What is the general structure of a sphingolipids - ANS-one fatty acid tail attached to a
sphingosine attached to a phosphate attached to a choline if it is a phospholipid
OR
one fatty acid tail attached to a sphingosine attached to a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide.
What are the major head groups for glycerolphospolipids? When those head groups are
present, what is the lipid name? - ANS-choline, serine, ethanolamine, inositol
phosphatidylcholine, phosphotidylserine, phosphotidylthanolamine, phosphotidylinositol
What makes a glycerolphospholipid different from other phospholipids? - ANS-there are two
alcohols which are linked to one fatty acid chain. The fatty acid chain contains a carbonyl group
What is the defining feature of a sphingolipid? - ANS-there is no carboxylic acid group, instead
there are 2 hydroxyl groups and an amine group
What are the four major sphingolipids and their defining features? - ANS-1. sphingosine is just
sphingosine
2. ceramide is a sphingosine group plus a fatty acid. it contains an amide bond
3. sphingomyelin is a ceramide with a phosphocholine head group
4. glycosphingolipids, are ceramide with a mono or ogliosaccharide.
phospholipids are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic because of their polar head an non polar
tail. What is another name for something which is bother hydrophilic and hydrophobic. -
ANS-amphipathic
