CCI RCS Study Guide
Cavitation is - ANS -The creation or vibration of small gas filled bodies by the ultrasound beam.
(Tends to occur only with higher-intensity exposures.
The 6 intensities from highest to lowest are - ANS -1.) SPTP 4.) SATP
2.)SPPA 5.) SAPA
3.)SPTA 6.) SATA
What tricuspid valve leaflets are noted in PLAX? - ANS -Anterior and medial/septal posterior.
Formula for calculating EF? - ANS -EF% = (sv/edv) x 100%
Stroke Volume (SV) formula - ANS -EDV - ESV
What is stroke volume (SV)? - ANS -Amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle during a
single heart beat.
What is the chiari network? - ANS -Network of fibers originating from eustachian valve.
Where can the chiari network be found - ANS -Right atria
What is the most anterior chamber of the heart? - ANS -Right ventricle
Which pair of intensities has the lowest value? - ANS -SATA (spatial average and temporal
average)
Where is the Eustachian valve located ? - ANS -In between the IVC and the right atrium.
What's another name for the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) ? - ANS -Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta? - ANS -Anterior
The three cusps of the tricuspid valve are? - ANS -Anterior
Medial
Posterior
What's the two main layers of the pericardium? - ANS -1.) Visceral = lies directly upon external
surface of the heart and is commonly referred to as the epicardium.
2,) Parietal = or fibrous pericardium is the thick outer sac.
,*The pericardial cavity lies between these two layers.
What is the normal pressure for the right ventricle ? - ANS -25/5 mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the pulmonary artery? - ANS -25/10 mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the left atrium? - ANS -10mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the aorta ? - ANS -120/80 mmHg
What are the two cusps of the mitral valve ? - ANS -Anterior (long) and the posterior (short)
When is the left ventricular pressure the lowest? - ANS -Early diastole
What is Becks Triad and what does it cause? - ANS -AKA cardiac tamponade. Causes an
elevated pressure in heart, hypotension and a quiet heart
What are the effects of pulmonary HTN ? - ANS -Dilated pulmonary artery
Severe TR
RV dilation
What happens to the size of an aneurysm during systole? - ANS -It increases
In patients with A-Fib which heart sound would be missing ? - ANS -Fourth
What is the normal O2 saturation of the left heart ? - ANS -98%
What is cardiac output? - ANS -It is the total amount of blood ejected per minute.
*cardiac output = stroke volume x HR
*normal cardiac output = 4-8 liters/minute
Effects of left side heart failure - ANS -Blood backs up to lungs and patient has shortness of
breath
What part of the heart is affected when there is pulmonary edema ? - ANS -Left side of heart
What is the primary cause of Congestive Heart Failure? - ANS -Systolic dysfunction.
What part of the heart is affected when there is peripheral edema? - ANS -Right side of the
heart
When the foremen ovale closes after birth due to increased left atrial pressure the spot it was
located is now called? - ANS -Fossa ovalis
, Mitral regurge hemodynamic evaluation is done in ? - ANS -Systole
Aortic stenosis evaluation is done in? - ANS -Systole
Tricuspid stenosis evaluation is done in ? - ANS -Diastole
What is Dresslers syndrome ? - ANS -Pericardial effusion after myocardial infarction
Is left atrial thrombus common in patients with mitral stenosis? - ANS -Yes, especially in
appendage
What are 3 factors affecting stroke volume? - ANS -Preload, after-load, contractility
What is fractional shortening? - ANS -It is the fraction of any diastolic dimension that is lost in
systole.
*normal range = 25-45%
If a patient has a stroke volume of 70ml and a heart rate of 90bpm what would be their cardiac
output? - ANS -Cardiac Output= Stroke volume x heart rate
70ml x 90bpm = 630ml/minute
What is QP and QS? - ANS -QP= pulmonary circulatory flow
QS= systemic circulatory flow
Atrial septal defect surgery is mainly considered when the QP/QS ratio exceed? - ANS -1:5
*normal = 1:1
What are the 2 most common encountered congenital heart lesions diagnosed in adults ? -
ANS -Atrial septal defect
Bicuspid aortic valve
What chamber of the heart would be greater affected in patients with ventricular septal defects
and left to right shunting? - ANS -Right atrium
A patient with a higher blood pressure in the right arm than the left arm may have? - ANS
-Coarctation of aorta
How is a 2-d image of a phased array transducer created? - ANS -Sequentially activating a
series of adjacent crystals to angular the ultrasound beam
What is a heterograph/ xenograph? - ANS -Other names of bioprosthetic valves transferred
from animals to humans.
What are three types of bioprosthetic valves? - ANS -Mechanical
Cavitation is - ANS -The creation or vibration of small gas filled bodies by the ultrasound beam.
(Tends to occur only with higher-intensity exposures.
The 6 intensities from highest to lowest are - ANS -1.) SPTP 4.) SATP
2.)SPPA 5.) SAPA
3.)SPTA 6.) SATA
What tricuspid valve leaflets are noted in PLAX? - ANS -Anterior and medial/septal posterior.
Formula for calculating EF? - ANS -EF% = (sv/edv) x 100%
Stroke Volume (SV) formula - ANS -EDV - ESV
What is stroke volume (SV)? - ANS -Amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle during a
single heart beat.
What is the chiari network? - ANS -Network of fibers originating from eustachian valve.
Where can the chiari network be found - ANS -Right atria
What is the most anterior chamber of the heart? - ANS -Right ventricle
Which pair of intensities has the lowest value? - ANS -SATA (spatial average and temporal
average)
Where is the Eustachian valve located ? - ANS -In between the IVC and the right atrium.
What's another name for the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) ? - ANS -Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta? - ANS -Anterior
The three cusps of the tricuspid valve are? - ANS -Anterior
Medial
Posterior
What's the two main layers of the pericardium? - ANS -1.) Visceral = lies directly upon external
surface of the heart and is commonly referred to as the epicardium.
2,) Parietal = or fibrous pericardium is the thick outer sac.
,*The pericardial cavity lies between these two layers.
What is the normal pressure for the right ventricle ? - ANS -25/5 mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the pulmonary artery? - ANS -25/10 mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the left atrium? - ANS -10mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the aorta ? - ANS -120/80 mmHg
What are the two cusps of the mitral valve ? - ANS -Anterior (long) and the posterior (short)
When is the left ventricular pressure the lowest? - ANS -Early diastole
What is Becks Triad and what does it cause? - ANS -AKA cardiac tamponade. Causes an
elevated pressure in heart, hypotension and a quiet heart
What are the effects of pulmonary HTN ? - ANS -Dilated pulmonary artery
Severe TR
RV dilation
What happens to the size of an aneurysm during systole? - ANS -It increases
In patients with A-Fib which heart sound would be missing ? - ANS -Fourth
What is the normal O2 saturation of the left heart ? - ANS -98%
What is cardiac output? - ANS -It is the total amount of blood ejected per minute.
*cardiac output = stroke volume x HR
*normal cardiac output = 4-8 liters/minute
Effects of left side heart failure - ANS -Blood backs up to lungs and patient has shortness of
breath
What part of the heart is affected when there is pulmonary edema ? - ANS -Left side of heart
What is the primary cause of Congestive Heart Failure? - ANS -Systolic dysfunction.
What part of the heart is affected when there is peripheral edema? - ANS -Right side of the
heart
When the foremen ovale closes after birth due to increased left atrial pressure the spot it was
located is now called? - ANS -Fossa ovalis
, Mitral regurge hemodynamic evaluation is done in ? - ANS -Systole
Aortic stenosis evaluation is done in? - ANS -Systole
Tricuspid stenosis evaluation is done in ? - ANS -Diastole
What is Dresslers syndrome ? - ANS -Pericardial effusion after myocardial infarction
Is left atrial thrombus common in patients with mitral stenosis? - ANS -Yes, especially in
appendage
What are 3 factors affecting stroke volume? - ANS -Preload, after-load, contractility
What is fractional shortening? - ANS -It is the fraction of any diastolic dimension that is lost in
systole.
*normal range = 25-45%
If a patient has a stroke volume of 70ml and a heart rate of 90bpm what would be their cardiac
output? - ANS -Cardiac Output= Stroke volume x heart rate
70ml x 90bpm = 630ml/minute
What is QP and QS? - ANS -QP= pulmonary circulatory flow
QS= systemic circulatory flow
Atrial septal defect surgery is mainly considered when the QP/QS ratio exceed? - ANS -1:5
*normal = 1:1
What are the 2 most common encountered congenital heart lesions diagnosed in adults ? -
ANS -Atrial septal defect
Bicuspid aortic valve
What chamber of the heart would be greater affected in patients with ventricular septal defects
and left to right shunting? - ANS -Right atrium
A patient with a higher blood pressure in the right arm than the left arm may have? - ANS
-Coarctation of aorta
How is a 2-d image of a phased array transducer created? - ANS -Sequentially activating a
series of adjacent crystals to angular the ultrasound beam
What is a heterograph/ xenograph? - ANS -Other names of bioprosthetic valves transferred
from animals to humans.
What are three types of bioprosthetic valves? - ANS -Mechanical
