Test Bank - Huether and McCances Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition, 2nd Edition (Power-Kean, 2023), Chapter 1-42

UnderstandingePathophysiologye6theEditioneHuethereTesteBank


Test Bank for Huether and McCances Understanding Pathop
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hysiology, Canadian, 2nd Edition (Power-
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Kean, 2024), Chapter 1-42 | ALL Chapters
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Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
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MULTIPLEeCHOICE

1. Aestudenteiseobservingeaecelleunderetheemicroscope.eIteiseobservedetoehaveesupercoiledeDNAew
ithehistones.eWhicheofetheefollowingewouldealsoebeeobservedebyetheestudent?
a. Aesingleecircularechromosome
b. Aenucleus
c. Free-floatingenuclearematerial
d. Noeorganelles

ANS:e B
Theecelledescribedeiseaeeukaryoticecell,esoeitehasehistoneseandeaesupercoiledeDNAewithineitsenucle
us;ethus,etheenucleuseshouldebeeobserved.eAesingleecircularechromosomeecalledeaeprokaryoteecon
tainsefree-floatingenuclearematerialebutehasenoeorganelles.

REF:e p.e2

2. Aenurseeiseinstructingetheestaffeaboutecellularefunctions.eWhichecellularefunctioneisetheenurseede
scribingewheneaneisolatedecelleabsorbseoxygeneandeuseseitetoetransformenutrientsetoeenergy?
a. Metaboliceabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:e D
Theecell’seabilityetoeabsorbeoxygeneisereferredetoeaserespirationewhileeitsecommunicationeabilityeinvol
vesemaintenanceeofeaesteadyedynamicestate,emetaboliceabsorptioneprovidesenutrition,eandesecretioneal
lowseforetheesynthesizingeofenewesubstances.

REF:e p.e2

3. AeeukaryoticecelleiseundergoingeDNAereplication.eInewhicheregioneofetheecellewouldemosteofeth
eegeneticeinformationebeecontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleuseCytoplasm
ANS:e C
Theeregioneofetheecellethatecontainsegeneticematerial,eincludingeaelargeeamounteoferibonucleiceaci
d,emosteofetheeDNA,eandeDNA-
bindingeproteins,eisetheenucleolus,ewhicheiselocatedewithinetheecell’senucleus.eMitochondriaeiseas
sociatedewithecellularerespiration,ewhileeribosomeseareeinvolvedewitheproteinemanufacturing.eC
ytoplasmeiseaefluidefillingethateiseaecomponenteofetheecell.

REF:e p.e2

, UnderstandingePathophysiologye6theEditioneHuethereTesteBank

4. Whicheofetheefollowingecaneremoveeproteinseattachedetoetheecell’sebilayerebyedissolvingetheela
yereitself?
a. Peripheralemembraneeproteins
b. Integralemembraneeproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Celleadhesionemolecules
ANS:e B
Proteinsedirectlyeattachedetoetheemembraneebilayerecanebeeremovedebyetheeactioneofeintegraleme
mbraneeproteinsethatedissolveetheebilayer.ePeripheralemembraneeproteinseresideeatetheesurfaceew
hileecelleadhesionemoleculeseareeonetheeoutsideeofetheemembrane.eGlycoproteinemarksecellseande
doesenotefloat.

REF:e p.e7

5. Whicheofetheefollowingecanebindetoeplasmaemembraneereceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicelipids
d. Ligands

ANS:e D
Ligandseareetheeonlyespecificemoleculesethatecanebindewithereceptorseonetheecellemembrane.

REF:e p.e9

6. Aenurseeisereviewingeaereportefromeaepatientewithemetastaticecancer.eWhatealternationeinetheeex
tracellularematrixewouldes uNp p oRr t et hIe edG
a. Decreasedefibronectin UeSeNeTiagnBo. siC
seofM
metastaticecancer?

b. Increasedecollagen
c. Decreasedeelastin
d. Increasedeglycoproteins
ANS:e A
Onlyeaereducedeamounteofefibronectineisefoundeinesomeetypeseofecancerousecells,eallowingethemet
oetraveleoremetastasize.

REF:e p.e10

7. Whicheformeofecellecommunicationeiseusedetoerelateetoeotherecellseinedirectephysicalecontact?
a. Cellejunction
b. Gapejunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightejunction

ANS:e A
Cellejunctionseholdecellsetogethereandepermitemoleculesetoepassefromecelletoecell.
Gapejunctionsealloweforecellularecommunicationebetweenecells.eNeitheredesmosomesenoretightejuncti
onseareeassociatedewithecellularecommunication.

REF:e p.e11

, UnderstandingePathophysiologye6theEditioneHuethereTesteBank

8. Pancreaticebetaecellsesecreteeinsulin,ewhicheinhibitsesecretioneofeglucagonefromeneighboringea
lphaecells.eThiseactioneiseaneexampleeofewhicheofetheefollowingesignalingetypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:e A
Paracrineesignalingeinvolvesetheereleaseeofelocalechemicalemediatorsethateareequicklyetakeneup,ed
estroyed,eoreimmobilized,easeinetheecaseeofeinsulineandetheeinhibitioneofetheesecretioneofeglucago
n.eNoneeofetheeothereoptionseinvolveesignalingethateiseassociatedewitheaelocalechemicalemediatorel
ikeeinsulin.

REF:e p.e12

9. Inecellularemetabolism,eeacheenzymeehaseaehigheaffinityeforea:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:e B
Eacheenzymeehaseaehigheaffinityeforeaesubstrate,eaespecificesubstanceeconvertedetoeaeproducteofeth
eereaction.eCellularemetabolismeisenotedependenteoneaneattractionebetweeneaneenzymeeandeanyeof
etheeremainingeoptions.




REF:e e p.e16

10. Aneathleteerunseaemarathon,eafterewhichehisemusclesefeelefatiguedeandeunableetoecontract.eTheeath
leteeasksetheenurseewhyethisehappened.eTheenurse’seresponseeisebasedeonetheeknowledgeethatetheep
roblemeiseresulteofeaedeficiencyeof:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS:e C
WheneATPeisedeficient,eimpairedemuscleecontractioneresults.eNoneeofetheeothereoptionseareeinvol
vedeinemuscleecontraction.

REF:e p.e16

11. WhichephaseeofecatabolismeproducesetheemosteATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citriceacidecycle
ANS:e D
WhileesomeeATPeiseproducededuringetheeoxidationeandeglycolysisephases,emosteofetheeATPeisegenerat
ededuringetheecitriceacidecycle.eDigestionedoesenoteproduceeanyeATP.

, UnderstandingePathophysiologye6theEditioneHuethereTesteBank

REF:e p.e16

12. Aenurseeiseteachingetheestaffeaboutetheephaseseofecellularecatabolism.eWhichephaseseshouldetheen
urseeinclude?
a. Digestion,eglycolysis,eoxidation,eandetheecitriceacidecycle
b. Diffusion,eosmosis,eandemediatedetransport
c. Sephase,eGephase,eandeMephase
d. Metaboliceabsorption,erespiration,eandeexcretion
ANS:e A
Onlyedigestion,eglycolysis,eoxidation,eandetheecitriceacidecycleeareetheephaseseofecellularecataboli
sm.

REF:e e p.e16

13. Aerunnerehasedepletedealletheeoxygeneavailableeforemuscleeenergy.eWhicheofetheefollowingewillefa
cilitateehisecontinuedemuscleeperformance?
a. Electron-transportechain
b. Aerobiceglycolysis
c. Anaerobiceglycolysis
d. Oxidativeephosphorylation
ANS:e C
Whenenoeoxygeneiseavailable,eanaerobiceglycolysiseoccurs.eTheeelectron-
transportechaineiseparteofetheecitriceacidecycle.eAerobiceglycolysiseinvolvesetheepresenceeofeoxyge
n.eOxidativeephosphorylationeisetheemechanismebyewhichetheeenergyeproducedefromecarbohydrat
es,efats,eandeproteinseisetransferredetoeATP.eIteisenoteparteofemuscleeperformance.

REF:e e p.e16

14. Aefacultyemembereaskseaestudentetoeidentifyetheeappropriateetermeforetheemovementeofeaesoluteefr
omeaneareaeofegreateretoelessereconcentration.eWhicheanswereindicatesetheenursingestudenteunder
stoodetheeteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostaticepressure
d. Activeetransport
ANS:e B
Diffusioneisetheemovementeofeaesoluteemoleculeefromeaneareaeofegreateresoluteeconcentrationetoean
eareaeofelesseresoluteeconcentrationethrougheaepermeableemembrane.eOsmosiseisetheemovementeo

fewatereacrosseaesemipermeableemembraneefromeaeregioneofehigherewatereconcentrationetoeoneeof
elowereconcentration.eHydrostaticepressureeisetheeforceeofefluideagainste aecellemembrane.eIneactiv

eetransport,emoleculesemoveeupeaeconcentrationegradient.

REF:e p.e19

15. Whichedescriptioneaccuratelyedescribeseelectrolytes?
a. Smallelipid-solubleemolecules
b. Largeeproteinemolecules
c. MicronutrientseusedetoeproduceeATP