Fgcu Man 3025 Final Exam Questions & Correct Answers | Latest Update Already Graded A+

FGCU MAN 3025 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+ "diversity wheel - CORRECT ANSWER (from center of wheel to outside ring) 1. personality 2. internal dimensions 3. external dimensions 4. organizational dimensions" "motivation - CORRECT ANSWER the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior 3 important components: intensity, direction, persistence" "extrinsic reward - CORRECT ANSWER The payoff, such as money, that a person receives from others for performing a particular task" "intrinsic reward - CORRECT ANSWER satisfaction a person receives from performing the particular task itself" "sustainability - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained" "strategic planning - CORRECT ANSWER done by top managers" "tactical planning - CORRECT ANSWER done by middle managers" "operational planning - CORRECT ANSWER done by first-line managers" "technical skills - CORRECT ANSWER the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field" "conceptual skills - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to think analytically, to visualize an organization as a whole and understand how the parts work together" "human skills (soft skills) - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to work well in cooperation with other people to get things done" "historical perspective - CORRECT ANSWER classical, behavioral, and quantitative" "scientific management - CORRECT ANSWER emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers (Frederick W. Taylor)" "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - CORRECT ANSWER (bottom to top:) physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization" "theory X - CORRECT ANSWER -represents a pessimistic, negative view of workers -workers are irresponsible, resistant to change, lack ambition, hate work, and want to be led" "theory Y - CORRECT ANSWER -represents an optimistic, positive view of workers -workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility, self-direction, self control and being creative" "systems viewpoint - CORRECT ANSWER -regards the organization as a system of interrelated parts-collection of subsystems-part of the larger environment" "contingency viepoint - CORRECT ANSWER emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to the individual and the environmental situation" "evidence-based management - CORRECT ANSWER translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision-making process" "triple bottom line - CORRECT ANSWER evaluates organizational performance on economic, social, and environmental criteria" "internal stakeholders - CORRECT ANSWER employees, owners, board of directors" "ethics - CORRECT ANSWER the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions" "4 ethical approaches - CORRECT ANSWER utilitarian, individual, moral-rights, justice" "utilitarian approach - CORRECT ANSWER guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people" "multinational corporation - CORRECT ANSWER global business firm with operations in several countries" "ethnocentric managers - CORRECT ANSWER -"we know best" -believe that their native country, culture, language and behavior are superior to all others" "polycentric managers - CORRECT ANSWER -"they know best" -take the view that native managers in the foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices, and so the home office should leave them alone." "geocentric managers - CORRECT ANSWER accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign practices, and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective" "major trading blocs - CORRECT ANSWER NAFTA and EU" "planning - CORRECT ANSWER setting goals and deciding how to achieve them; coping with uncertainty by formulating future courses of action to achieve specified results" "strategy - CORRECT ANSWER a large-scale action plan that sets the direction for an organization" "mission statement - CORRECT ANSWER what is our purpose for being?" "vision statement - CORRECT ANSWER what do we want to become?" "standing plan - CORRECT ANSWER developed for activities that recur regularly over a period of time" "single-use plan - CORRECT ANSWER plans developed for activities that are not likely to be repeated in the future" "SWOT analysis - CORRECT ANSWER strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats" "forecasting - CORRECT ANSWER a vision or projection of the future" "benchmarking - CORRECT ANSWER a process by which a company compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations" "the BCG matrix - CORRECT ANSWER a means of evaluating strategic business units on the basis of: 1. their business growth rates and 2. their share of the market (star, question mark, cash cow, and dog quadrant)" "rational/classical decision making - CORRECT ANSWER assumes managers will make logical decisions that will be optimal in furthering the organization's best interest" "intuition model - CORRECT ANSWER making a choice without the use of conscious thought or logical inference" "nonrational/administrative decision making - CORRECT ANSWER assumes that decision making is nearly always uncertain and risky, making it difficult for managers to make optimal decisions" "bounded rationality - CORRECT ANSWER suggests that the ability of decision makers to be rational is limited by numerous constraints" "satisficing model - CORRECT ANSWER because of constraints, managers don't make an exhaustive search for the best alternative.Instead, managers seek alternatives until they find one that is satisfactory, not optimal" "organizational culture - CORRECT ANSWER the set of values, ideas, attitudes, and norms of behavior that is learned and shared among the members of an organization" "4 types of organizational culture - CORRECT ANSWER 1. clan 2. adhocracy 3. market 4. hierarchy" "how employees learn culture - CORRECT ANSWER symbols, stories, heroes, rites and rituals" "traditional: simple structure - CORRECT ANSWER has authority centralized in a single person, a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization" "traditional: functional structure - CORRECT ANSWER people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups" "traditional: divisional structure - CORRECT ANSWER people with diverse occupational specialities are put together in formal groups by similar products or services, customers or clients, or geographic regions" "traditional: matrix structure - CORRECT ANSWER an organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures-vertical and horizontal" "human resource management - CORRECT ANSWER consists of the activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce" "selection process - CORRECT ANSWER the screening of job applicants to hire the best candidate (1. background info 2. interviewing 3. employee tests)" "realistic job preview - CORRECT ANSWER gives candidate a picture of both positive and negative features of the job and the organization before he or she is hired" "unstructured interview - CORRECT ANSWER no fixed set of questions and no systematic scoring ves asking probing questions to find out what the applicant is like" "situational interviewing - CORRECT ANSWER focuses on hypothetical situations ("what would you do if...")" "behavioral interviewing - CORRECT ANSWER explore what applicants have done in the past" "civil rights act of 1964 - CORRECT ANSWER outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin" "reactive vs proactive change - CORRECT ANSWER reactive: making changes in response to problems or opportunities as they arise proactive: involves making carefully thought-out changes in anticipation of possible or expected problems or opportunities" "adaptive change - CORRECT ANSWER least threatening; reintroduction of familiar practice" "innovative change - CORRECT ANSWER somewhat threatening; introduction of a practice that is new to the organization" "radically innovative change - CORRECT ANSWER very threatening; involves introducing a practice that is new to the industry" "Lewin's change model - CORRECT ANSWER unfreezing, changing, refreezing" "organizational development - CORRECT ANSWER set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective" "product innovation - CORRECT ANSWER change in the appearance or performance of a product or the creation of a new one" "process innovation - CORRECT ANSWER change in the way a product is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated" "resistance to change - CORRECT ANSWER an emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine" "self-efficacy - CORRECT ANSWER one's sense of competence and effectiveness" "locus of control - CORRECT ANSWER a person's tendency to perceive the control of rewards as internal to the self or external in the environment" "cognitive dissonance - CORRECT ANSWER the psychological discomfort a person experiences between his or her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior" "content perspectives - CORRECT ANSWER theories that emphasize the needs that motivate people" "process perspectives - CORRECT ANSWER concerned with the thought processes by which people decide how to act" "Maslow's hierarchy of needs - CORRECT ANSWER (bottom to top) physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization" "McClelland's acquired needs theory - CORRECT ANSWER states that three needs - achievement, affiliation, and power - are major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace" "Herzberg's two-factor theory - CORRECT ANSWER proposes that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from 2 different factors: motivating and hygiene" "equity theory - CORRECT ANSWER focuses on employee perceptions as to how fairly they think they are being treated compared with others" "expectancy theory - CORRECT ANSWER suggests that people are motivated by two things: (1) how much they want something and (2) how likely they think they are to get it" "instrumentality - CORRECT ANSWER the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the outcome desired" "expectancy - CORRECT ANSWER belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance" "valence - CORRECT ANSWER the value a worker assigns to an outcome" "team vs. group - CORRECT ANSWER group- two or more individuals interacting who share norms, goals, and have common identity team- small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, hold themselves mutually accountable" "self-managed team - CORRECT ANSWER groups of workers who are given administrative oversight for their task domains" "cross-functional team - CORRECT ANSWER include members from different areas within an organization" "stages of team development - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Performing 5. Adjourning" "group cohesiveness - CORRECT ANSWER tendency of a group or team to stick together, the "social glue" that holds team together" "norms - CORRECT ANSWER general guidelines or rules of behavior that most group or team members follow" "groupthink - CORRECT ANSWER a cohesive group's blind unwillingness to consider alternatives" "devil's advocacy - CORRECT ANSWER a decision-making method in which an individual or a subgroup is assigned the role of critic" "leadership - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals" "5 sources of power - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Legitimate Power 2. Reward Power 3. Coercive Power 4. Expert Power 5. Referent Power" "transformational leaders - CORRECT ANSWER employees are encouraged to pursue organizational goals over self-interests" "the communication process - CORRECT ANSWER 1. sender 2. message 3. receiver 4. feedback" "communication mediums - CORRECT ANSWER (from high to low medium richness) face-to-face video-conferencing telephone personal written media non-personal written media" "informal communication channels - CORRECT ANSWER grapevine and management by wandering around (MBWA)" "physical barriers to communication - CORRECT ANSWER sound, time, space" "semantic barriers to communication - CORRECT ANSWER when words matter, use of jargon" "personal barriers to communication - CORRECT ANSWER individual attributes that hinder communication" "nonverbal communication - CORRECT ANSWER how unwritten & unspoken messages may be read (eye contact, facial expressions, gestures)" "digital communication - CORRECT ANSWER videoconferencing, telecommuting, and teleworking" "using empathy - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to recognize and understand another person's feelings and thoughts; fosters open communication" "active listening - CORRECT ANSWER -actively decoding and interpreting verbal messages - typically only 20-50% of what we hear" "listening styles - CORRECT ANSWER active, involved, passive, detached" "steps in the control process - CORRECT ANSWER 1. establish standards 2. measure performance 3. compare performance to standards 4. take corrective action, if necessary" "six areas of control - CORRECT ANSWER 1. physical 2. human resources 3. informational 4. financial 5. structural 6. cultural" "the balanced scoreboard - CORRECT ANSWER gives top managers a fast but comprehensive view of the organization via four indicators: 1. customer satisfaction 2. internal processes 3. innovation and improvement activities 4. financial measures" "fixed budget - CORRECT ANSWER allocates resources on the basis of a single estimate of costs" "variable budget - CORRECT ANSWER allows the allocation of resources to vary in proportion with various levels of activity" "balance sheet - CORRECT ANSWER summarizes an organization's overall financial worth - that is, assets and liabilities - at a specific point in time" "income statement - CORRECT ANSWER summarizes an organization's financial results - revenues and expenses - over specified period of time" "total quality management (TQM) - CORRECT ANSWER a comprehensive approach - led by top management and supported throughout the organization - dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction" "2 core principles of TQM - CORRECT ANSWER 1. people orientation- deliver customer value 2. improvement orientation- strive for continuous improvement" "the keys to successful control systems - CORRECT ANSWER 1. strategic & results oriented 2. timely, accurate, & objective 3. realistic, positive, understandable & encourage self-control 4. flexible" “management - CORRECT ANSWER integrating the work of people through POLC: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's success" "efficient - CORRECT ANSWER to use resources wisely and cost-effectively" "effective - CORRECT ANSWER to achieve results, to make the right decisions and to successfully carry them out" "competitive advantage - CORRECT ANSWER a set of unique features of a company and its products that are perceived by the target market as significant and superior to those of the competition" "administrative management - CORRECT ANSWER concerned with managing the total organization (Fayol & Weber)" "bureaucracy - CORRECT ANSWER Weber believed it was a rational, efficient, ideal organization based off principles of logic" "Hawthorne effect - CORRECT ANSWER employees worked harder if they received added attention, thought that managers cared about their welfare and that supervisors paid special attention to them (Elton Mayo)" "individual approach - CORRECT ANSWER guided by what will result in the individual's best long-term interests, which ultimately are in everyone's self-interest" "moral-rights approach - CORRECT ANSWER guided by respect for the fundamental rights of human beings" "justice approach - CORRECT ANSWER guided by standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality" "social responsibility - CORRECT ANSWER a business's concern for society's welfare" "globalization - CORRECT ANSWER the trend of the world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system" "importing - CORRECT ANSWER a company buys goods outside the country and resells them domestically" "exporting - CORRECT ANSWER a company produces goods domestically and sells them outside the country" "licensing - CORRECT ANSWER a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee to make or distribute the first company's product or service" "franchising - CORRECT ANSWER a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee and a share of the profit in return for using the company's brand name and a package of materials" "SMART goals - CORRECT ANSWER Specific Measurable Attainable Results-oriented Target Dates" "management by objectives (MBO) - CORRECT ANSWER 1. managers and employees jointly set objectives for the employee 2. managers develop action plans 3. managers and employees periodically review the employee's performance 4. the manager makes a performance appraisal and rewards the employee according to results" "Porter's 5 competitive forces - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Threat of new entrants 2. Bargaining power of suppliers 3. Bargaining power of buyers 4. Threat of substitute products or services 5. Rivalry among competitors" "Porter's 4 competitive strategies - CORRECT ANSWER 1. cost-leadership 2. differentiation 3. cost-focus 4. focused-differentiation" "organization chart - CORRECT ANSWER a diagram that shows the structure of an organization, classifications of work and jobs, and the relationships among those classifications" "mechanistic vs. organic structure - CORRECT ANSWER mechanistic: centralized hierarchy, many rules, specialized tasks, formalized communication, few teams, narrow span of control, taller structures organic: decentralized hierarchy, few rules, shared tasks, informal communication, many teams, wide span of control, flatter structures" "job analysis - CORRECT ANSWER determining the basic elements of a job by observation and analysis" "job description - CORRECT ANSWER summarizes what the holder of the job does and how and why he or she does it" "job specification - CORRECT ANSWER describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform the job successfully" "recruitment - CORRECT ANSWER the process through which the organization seeks applicants for potential employment" "the big 5 personality dimenstions - CORRECT ANSWER 1. extroversion 2. agreeableness 3. conscientiousness 4. emotional stability 5. openness to experience" "traits of emotional intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER 1. self-awareness 2. self-management 3. social awareness 4. relationship management" "organizational behavior - CORRECT ANSWER tries to help managers not only explain workplace behavior but also to predict it, so that they can better lead and motivate their employees to perform productively" "values - CORRECT ANSWER abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations" "attitude & three components of attitude - CORRECT ANSWER a learned predisposition toward a given object. 1. affective- feelings/emotions tive- beliefs/knowledge ioral- how one intends or expects to behave toward situation" "goal-setting theory - CORRECT ANSWER goals should be: 1. specific 2. challenging but achievable 3. linked to action plans 4. feedback enhances goal attainment "SMART goals"" "4 types of reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER 1. positive reinforcement 2. negative reinforcement 3. extinction- decreases the frequency of a behavior through the contingent removal of pleasant consequence 4. punishment- decreases the frequency of a behavior through the contingent presentation of an unpleasant consequence" "trait approach - CORRECT ANSWER attempts to identify personality characteristics or interpersonal attributes that can be used to differentiate leaders from followers" "task-oriented leadership behaviors - CORRECT ANSWER to ensure that people, equipment, and other resources are used in an efficient way to accomplish the mission" "relationship-oriented leadership - CORRECT ANSWER primarily concerned with the leader's interactions with his or her people" "leader-member exchange (LMX) theory - CORRECT ANSWER emphasizes that leaders have different sorts of relationships with different followers"