Ucf Man 3025 Final Exam Questions & Correct Answers | Latest Update

UCF MAN 3025 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE "Improvement objectives - CORRECT ANSWER describe intentions for specific performance improvements" "Personal development objectives - CORRECT ANSWER describe intentions for personal growth through knowledge and skills development" "Eight steps to the communication process - CORRECT ANSWER source, message, encoding process, channel, receiver, decoding process, feedback, noise" "Strategies to help managers communicate more effectively - CORRECT ANSWER Increase feedback, regulate information flow, repetition, simplify language, effective timing" "Reactions to communication overload - CORRECT ANSWER disregarding, queuing, filtering, approximating, multiple channels" "Organizational structure - CORRECT ANSWER the arrangement of jobs and the relationship among the jobs in an organization" "Organizational design - CORRECT ANSWER the process of deciding on the type of structure appriopriate for an organization, particularly regarding its division of labor, departmentalization, span of control, delegation of authority, and coordinating mechanism" "Mechanistic organizational structure - CORRECT ANSWER a formal organizational structure characterized by highly specialized tasks that are carefully and rigidly defined, with a strict heirarchy of authority to control them." "Organic organizational structure - CORRECT ANSWER characterized by people who work together in an informal arrangement, sharing ideas and information, and performing a variety of tasks based on whatever is needed to accomplish the group's task" "Positive reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER involves giving a reward when desired behavior occurs, in order to increase the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated" "Three components of perceptual process - CORRECT ANSWER Sensation, attention, perception" "Six factors that affect the attention process - CORRECT ANSWER size, intensity, frequency, contrast, motion, novelty" "Perceptual organization - CORRECT ANSWER the process of grouping environmental stimuli into recognizable patterns" "Principles to organize sensations - CORRECT ANSWER Figure-ground, similarity, proximity, closure" "Figure-ground - CORRECT ANSWER people tend to perceive objects that stand against a background" "Similarity - CORRECT ANSWER stimuli that have a common physical traits are more likely to be grouped together than those that do not." "Projection - CORRECT ANSWER a form of perceptual bias in which we project our own personal feelings and attitudes onto others as a means of helping us interpret their attitudes and feelings" "Selective perception - CORRECT ANSWER a source of perceptual errors caused by people choosing to perceive only the information that they find acceptable" "Stereotyping - CORRECT ANSWER the process of using a few attributes about an object to classify it and then responding to it as a member of a category rather than as a unique object" "Discrimination and prejudice - CORRECT ANSWER unreasonable bias associated with suspicion, intolerance, or an irrational dislike for people of a particular race, religion, or sex" "Self-fulling prophecy - CORRECT ANSWER a phenomenon that occurs when a person acts in a way that confirms another's expectations" "Four elements explaining the self-fulling prophecy - CORRECT ANSWER input, output expected, reinforcement, feedback" "Agreeableness - CORRECT ANSWER measures the degree to which people are friendly or reserved, cooperative or guarded, flexible or inflexible, trusting or cautious, good-natured or moody, soft-hearted or tough and tolerant or judgmental" "Emotional stability - CORRECT ANSWER characterizes the degree to which people are consistent or inconsistent in how they react to certain events, they react impulsively or weigh their options before acting, and they take things personally or look at the situation objectively" "Openness to experience - CORRECT ANSWER characterizes the degree to which people are interested in broadening their horizons or limiting them, learning new things or sticking with what they already know, meeting new people or associating with current friends and co-workers, going to new places or restricting themselves to known places" "Extroversion - CORRECT ANSWER represents the degree to which people are outgoing, social, assertive, active, and talkative" "Introversion - CORRECT ANSWER refers to those who are shy, antisocial, passive, and quiet" "Internal locus of control - CORRECT ANSWER believe that the rewards they receive are internally controlled by their own actions" "Affective component - CORRECT ANSWER consists of the person's feelings and emotions toward the attitude object. This component involves evaluation and reaction, and is often expressed as a liking or disliking for the attitude object" "Behavioral tendency component - CORRECT ANSWER refers to the way the person intends to behave toward the object, such as whether the person intends to follow, help, injure,abandon, or ignore the attitude object" "Four dimensions of Emotional Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER Self awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management" "Four reasons why people join groups - CORRECT ANSWER goal accomplishment, personal identity, affiliation, emotional support" "Stages of group developement - CORRECT ANSWER orientation (forming), confrontation (storming), differentiation (norming), collaboration (performing), separation (adjourning)" "Types of role conflict - CORRECT ANSWER intrasender role, intersender role, person-role, role overload" "Intrasender role conflict - CORRECT ANSWER occurs when a single role sender communicates incompatible role expectations to the focal person" "Intersender role conflict - CORRECT ANSWER occurs when two or more role senders communicate incompatible expectations to the focal person" "Person-role conflict - CORRECT ANSWER occurs when people are asked to behave in ways that are inconsistent with their personal values" "Transactional leader - CORRECT ANSWER leadership that focuses on accomplishing work by relying on contingent rewards, task instructions, and corrective actions" "Transformational leader - CORRECT ANSWER leadership that focuses on communication an organizational vision, building commitment, stimulating acceptance, and empowering followers" "Three leadership behaviors - CORRECT ANSWER Authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire" "Authoritarian leader - CORRECT ANSWER all decisions are made by the leader" "Democratic leaders - CORRECT ANSWER group decisions are made by the majority vote in which equal participation was encouraged and criticism and punishment were minimal" "Laissez-faire leader - CORRECT ANSWER the actual leadership is minimized" "Leader behavior styles - CORRECT ANSWER telling, selling, consulting, delegating" "Telling - CORRECT ANSWER the leader makes all the decisions. Autocratic" "Selling - CORRECT ANSWER the leader presents a tenative decision subject to change and attempts to sell the decision to subordinates" "Consulting - CORRECT ANSWER the leader presents the problem to the group and obtains their suggestions and preferences before making the decision" "Delegating - CORRECT ANSWER the leader may delegate the decision and its implementation to the group and let them handle it on their own, or the leader may join the group and participate as any other member in making and implementing the decision" "Four constraints imposed on Leader behavior - CORRECT ANSWER external factors, organizational policies, group factors, individual skills and abilities" "Six ways culture is maintained in an organization - CORRECT ANSWER selection and retention of employees, the allocation of rewards and status, the reactions of leaders, the rites and ceremonies, the stories and symbols, the reactions to crises" "Hofstede's 4 cultural values - CORRECT ANSWER power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. fremininity" "Power distance - CORRECT ANSWER the acceptability of status differentials between members of a society" "Uncertainty avoidance - CORRECT ANSWER the degree of ambiguity and uncertainty people are willing to tolerate" "Social consensus - CORRECT ANSWER the extent to which members of a society agree tht an act is either good or bad" "Probability of Effect - CORRECT ANSWER the moral intensity of an issue rises and falls depending on how likely people think the consquences are" "Temporal immediacy - CORRECT ANSWER a function of the interval between the time the action occurs and the onset of its consequences" "Proximity - CORRECT ANSWER the physical, psychological, and emotional closeness the decision maker feels to those affected by the decision" "Concentration of Effect - CORRECT ANSWER the extent to which consequences are focused on a few individuals or dispersed across many" "Corporate Responses - CORRECT ANSWER Defenders, Accommodaters, Reactors, Anticipators" "Five criteria that make information useful - CORRECT ANSWER timely, high quality, complete, relevant, understandable" "Timely - CORRECT ANSWER the infomation is available when needed; it meets deadlines for decision making and action" "High quality - CORRECT ANSWER the information is accurate and it is reliable; it can be used with confidence" "Complete - CORRECT ANSWER the information is complete and sufficient for the task at hand; it is as current and up-to-date as possible" "Relevant - CORRECT ANSWER the information is appropriate for the task at hand; it is free from extraneous or irrelevant materials" "Understandable - CORRECT ANSWER the information is clear and easily understood by the user; it is free from unnecessary detail" "Define your objective - CORRECT ANSWER identify desired outcomes or results in very specific ways. Know where you want to go" "Determine where you stand vis-a-vis - CORRECT ANSWER evaluate current accomplishments relative to the desired results" "Develop premises regarding future conditions - CORRECT ANSWER anticipate future events. generate alternative "scenarios" for what may happen" "Analyze alternative and make a plan - CORRECT ANSWER list and evaluate possible actions. choose the alternative most likely to accomplish your objective" "Implement the plan and evaluate results - CORRECT ANSWER take action and carefully measure your progress toward objectives" "Strategic plan - CORRECT ANSWER identifies long-term directions for the organization" "Vision - CORRECT ANSWER clarifies the purpose of the organization and expresses what it hopes to be in the future" "Tactical plan - CORRECT ANSWER helps to implement all or parts of a strategic plan" "Functional plan - CORRECT ANSWER indicate how different operations within the organization will help advance the overall strategy" "Five guidelines for Great goals - CORRECT ANSWER specific, timely, measurable, challenging, attainable" "Specific goals - CORRECT ANSWER clearly target key results and outcomes to be accomplished" "Timely goals - CORRECT ANSWER linked to specific timetable and "due dates"" "Measurable goals - CORRECT ANSWER described so results can be measured without ambiguity" "Challenging goals - CORRECT ANSWER include a stretch factor that moves toward real gains" "Attainable goals - CORRECT ANSWER although challenging, realistic and possible to achieve" "Source - CORRECT ANSWER sender, originator of the message and may be one person or several people working together" "Message - CORRECT ANSWER is the stimulus the source transmits to the receiver and is composed of symbols designed to convey the intended meaning, such as words, body language, etc" "Encoding process - CORRECT ANSWER transforms the intended message into the symbols used to transmit the message" "Channel - CORRECT ANSWER the means by which the message travels from a source to a receiver" "Receiver - CORRECT ANSWER is the person who receives the message and has the responsibility to interpret it" "Decoding process - CORRECT ANSWER involves translating the message and interpreting it" "Feedback - CORRECT ANSWER from the receiver back to the sender is actually another message indicating the effectiveness of the communication" "Noise - CORRECT ANSWER refers to anything that disrupts the transmission of the message or feedback" "Directions communication flows - CORRECT ANSWER upward, downward, horizontal, Grapevine" "Downward Communication - CORRECT ANSWER follows the organizational hierarchy and flows from higher level people to those in lower levels" "Upward Communication - CORRECT ANSWER designed to provide feedback on how well the organization is functioning. lower level employees are expected to provide feedback to uper level employees" "Horizontal Communication - CORRECT ANSWER is lateral communication between peers; it does not follow the formal organizational hierarchy" "Grapevine Communication - CORRECT ANSWER informal communication system through which messages are passed in an organization, especially rumors and myths" "Disregarding - CORRECT ANSWER involves ignoring what cannot be easily absorbed" "Queuing - CORRECT ANSWER consists of collecting the information in a pile, with the expectations of processing it at a later time" "Filtering - CORRECT ANSWER involves screening information that appears to be irrelevant" "Approximating - CORRECT ANSWER consists of processing a sample of the information and using it to make inferences regarding the rest of the information" "Multiple channels - CORRECT ANSWER involves assigning different people or departments to be responsible for collecting and analyzing portions of the information" "Three types of behavior effective organizations require - CORRECT ANSWER attracting and retaining people, dependable role performance, extra-role behaviors" "When is commitment to difficult goals higher - CORRECT ANSWER goals are self-set rather than assigned, goals are made public rather than private, the person has an internal locus of control, the person has a high need for achievement" "What was found in the review of peer ratings within the military - CORRECT ANSWER peer ratings were more valid predictors of leadership performance than were ratings by supervisors" "Division of labor - CORRECT ANSWER the process of dividing work into specialized jobs that are performed by separate individuals" "Functional departmentalization - CORRECT ANSWER creating departments by grouping jobs that all perform similar functions" “Organization - CORRECT ANSWER a collection of people working together to achieve a common purpose" "Hawthorne "initial study - CORRECT ANSWER sought to determine how economic incentives and physical conditions of the workplace affected the output of workers. Initial focus was on the level of illumination in the manufacturing facilities" "Theory X - CORRECT ANSWER assumes people dislike work, lack ambition, act irresponsibility, and prefer to be led" "Theory Y - CORRECT ANSWER assumes people are willing to work, like responsibility, and are self-directed and creative" "Proximity - CORRECT ANSWER stimuli that occur in the same proximity, either in space or in time, are oftern associated" "Closure - CORRECT ANSWER most stimuli is perceived incomplete, we naturally tend to extrapolate information and project additional information to form a complete picture" "Halo effect - CORRECT ANSWER perceptual error in which individuals allow one characteristic about a person to influence thier evaluation of other personality characteristics" "Primary effect - CORRECT ANSWER the tendency for first impressions and early information to undully influence our evaluations and judgment" "Personality - CORRECT ANSWER the attributes and predisposition associated with each individual that make that person unique and predict how that person will likely behave in many different situations" "Attribution Theory - CORRECT ANSWER explains how we assign responsibility for behavior either to personality characteristics or environmental circumstances" "Five Personalty Dimensions (Big Five Model) - CORRECT ANSWER Conscientiousness, agreebleness, emotional stability, openness to experience, extroversion/introversion" "Conscientiousness - CORRECT ANSWER the degree to which an individual is dependable or inconsistent, can be counted on or is unreliable, follows through on commitments or reneges, and keeps promises or breaks them" "External locus of control - CORRECT ANSWER believe external forces such as luck, chance, or fate control their lives and determine their rewards and punishments" "Four information cues of Self-Efficacy - CORRECT ANSWER Enactive mastery, vicarious, experience, verbal pesuasion, perceptions of one's physiological state" "Three attitude comoponents - CORRECT ANSWER cognitive, affective, behavioral" "Cognitive component - CORRECT ANSWER consists of the beliefs and information a person processes about the attitude. This information includes descriptive data such as facts, figures, and other specific knowledge" "Three characteristics associated with organizational commitment - CORRECT ANSWER normative, affective, continuance" "Normative commitment - CORRECT ANSWER a strong belief in and acceptance of the organization's values and goals" "Affective commitment - CORRECT ANSWER a strong emotional attachment to the organization and a willingness to exert considerable effort in behalf of it" "Continuance commitment - CORRECT ANSWER a strong desire to maintain membership in the organization" "Reasons group norms are created and enforced - CORRECT ANSWER they identify the "rules of the game" which helps the group survive, they teach group members how to behave and make their behavior more predictable, they help the group avoid embarrassing situations, they express the central values of the group and clarify what is distinctive about its identity" "Three motives for conforming to group norms - CORRECT ANSWER Compliance, identification, internalization" "Social facilitation effect - CORRECT ANSWER the tendency for the presence of other people to increase motivation and arousal, which tends to help the individual perform better" "Social inhibition effect - CORRECT ANSWER the tendency for the presence of other people to disrupt performance and cause them to perform poorly" "Social loafing - CORRECT ANSWER tendency to exert less effort when working as a member of a group than when working alone" "Individualism vs. collectivism - CORRECT ANSWER the degree to which people are willing to act individually as a unique person versus as a uniform member of a group" "Masculinity vs. femininity - CORRECT ANSWER the degree to which gender role differences are emphasized in terms of valuing assertive and aggressive male roles over more tender feminine attrributes" "Six moral intensity components - CORRECT ANSWER magnitude of the consequence, social consensus, probability of effect, temporal immediacy, proximity, concentration of effect" "Magnitude of the consequence - CORRECT ANSWER the anticipated level of impact of the outcome of a given action" "Five steps in the decision making process - CORRECT ANSWER identify and define the problem, generate and evaluate alternative solutions, choose a preferred course of action and conduct the "ethics double check", implement the decision, evaluate results" "Five steps in Planning process - CORRECT ANSWER define your objectives, determine where you stand vis-a-vis objectives, develop premises regarding future conditions, analyze alternatives and make a plan, implement the plan and evaluate results"