Study Guide: Fundamentals of Neuroscience Exam 1 Questions And Aswers

Study Guide: Fundamentals of
Neuroscience Exam 1 Questions And
Aswers
Actionzpotentialz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
thezchangezinzelectricalzpotentialzassociatedzwithzthezpassagezofzanzimpulsezalongzthezme
mbranezofzazmusclezcellzorznervezcell.

Activeztransporterz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
iszthezmovementzofzmoleculeszacrosszazcellzmembranezfromzazregionzofzlowerzconcentratio
nztozazregionzofzhigherzconcentration—againstzthezconcentrationzgradient.

Alphazsubunitz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Usually,zthezalphazsubunitziszthezpore,zorzhole,zwhichzthezionzpasseszthrough

ArezK+zionszmorezconcentratedzinsidezorzoutsidezthezcell?z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-inside

ArezNa+zionszmorezconcentratedzinsidezorzoutsidezthezcell?z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
outside

Atzrestingzpotential,zthezcellzmembraneziszmorezpermeableztozwhichzionzspecies?z-
zCORRECTzzANSWER-Potassiumz(zK+z)




Atzthezpeakzofzthezactionzpotential,zthezcellzmembraneziszmostzpermeableztozwhichzionzspec
ies?z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-Sodiumz(zNa+z)

ATPz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
(adenosineztriphosphate)zmainzenergyzsourcezthatzcellszusezforzmostzofztheirzwork

Axonz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
thezextensionzofzazneuron,zendingzinzbranchingzterminalzfibers,zthroughzwhichzmessageszp
assztozotherzneuronszorztozmuscleszorzglands

Betazsubunitz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Betazandzotherzsubunitszprovidezstabilizationzorzotherzfunctions

cellzmembranez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Azcellzstructurezthatzcontrolszwhichzsubstanceszcanzenterzorzleavezthezcell.

, Dendritesz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Branchlikezpartszofzazneuronzthatzarezspecializedztozreceivezinformation.

Depolarizationz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Thezprocesszduringzthezactionzpotentialzwhenzsodiumziszrushingzintozthezcellzcausingzthezint
eriorztozbecomezmorezpositive.

DescribezthezorderzandztimezcoursezofzNa+zandzK+zchannelszopeningzandzclosingzandztheir
zconsequentzeffectszonzvoltagezduringzanzactionzpotentialz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-




Diffusionzforces/concentrationzgradientz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
ionszofzthezsameztypez(Na+,zCl-
,zetc)zwantztozbezdistributedzevenlyzonzbothzsideszofzthezmembrane

EEGz(electroencephalogram)z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Anzamplifiedzrecordingzofzthezwaveszofzelectricalzactivityzthatzsweepzacrosszthezbrain'szsurf
ace.zThesezwaveszarezmeasuredzbyzelectrodeszplacedzonzthezscalp.

Electrochemicalzequilibriumz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Whenzthezchemicalzandzelectricalzgradientszarezequalzinzmagnitude,zthezionziszsaidztozbezinz
electrochemicalzequilibrium,zandzthezmembranezpotentialzthatziszestablishedzatzequilibrium
ziszsaidztozbezthezequilibriumzpotentialz(Veq.)zforzthatzionzunderzthezexistingzconcentrationzgr

adient.

Electrostaticzforcez-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Thezforcezbetweenzelectricallyzchargedzobjectsz(likezchargeszrepelzandzoppositezchargesza
ttractzeachzother).

Equilibriumzpotentialz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
Forzeachzion,zthezequilibriumz(orzreversal)zpotentialziszthezmembranezpotentialzwherezthezn
etzflowzthroughzanyzopenzchannelszisz0.

ERPz(zevent-relatedzpotentialz)z-zCORRECTzzANSWER-Anzevent-
relatedzpotentialz(ERP)ziszthezmeasuredzbrainzresponsezthatziszthezdirectzresultzofzazspecific
zsensory,zcognitive,zorzmotorzevent.




fMIRz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
FunctionalzmagneticzresonancezimagingzorzfunctionalzMRIz(fMRI)zmeasureszbrainzactivityz
byzdetectingzchangeszassociatedzwithzbloodzflow.

Givez3zpieceszofzevidencezsuggestingzthatzNa+ziszresponsiblezforzthezearly,zinwardzcurrentz
thatzcomeszwithzdepolarizationzofzthezmembranezpotentialz-zCORRECTzzANSWER-
1.ThezreversalzpotentialzforzthatzcurrentzmatcheszthezpredictedzequilibriumzpotentialzforzNa
+
2.zYouztakezthezsodiumzaway,zyouztajezthezearlyzinwardzcurrent