HEED 3301 Exam 2 (UTA) UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - - essential nutrients needed in small quantities for the
proper functioning of the body
- body cannot synthesize them
- need in adequate amount ( too much or to little can have negative effects on health and sport
performance)
- Athletes may have increased needs that can be achieved by increased diet intake
exercise - CORRECT ANSWER - doesn't require increased vitamin needs (athlete may
have increased needs)
Solubility and Physiological function - CORRECT ANSWER - classification of vitamins
vitamin solubility - CORRECT ANSWER - Fat or water
vitamin physiological function - CORRECT ANSWER - -energy metabolism
-red blood cell formation
-association with antioxidant functions
-growth and development
Fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin A, D, E, K
Fat soluble - CORRECT ANSWER - -absorbed slowly and transport in the blood requires
a carrier
-stored in the liver cells and adipose cells
-each has a recommended daily intake or RDI
,-more likely to be toxic at high doses
water soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - B complex vitamins ( B1 thiamin, B2
riboflavin, B3 niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, folate/folic acid, B6, B12, and Vitamin C)
water soluble - CORRECT ANSWER - -easily absorbed and transported in the blood with
out the need for a carrier
-no designated storage site ( tissues can become saturated with vitamins and if over saturated,
excess is excreted via urine)
-less likely to be toxic at high doses
-saturation/ excretion system works exceptionally well and no toxicity symptoms have been
reported for vitamins including: B1, B2, pantothenic acid, and biotin
Dietary reference intakes - CORRECT ANSWER - DRI
DRI - CORRECT ANSWER - nutrient recommendations for healthy, moderately active
people
Recommended dietary allowance - CORRECT ANSWER - RDA
RDA - CORRECT ANSWER - average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet
the nutrient requirement of nearly all ( about 98%) healthy individuals (how much is enough?)
adequate intake - CORRECT ANSWER - AI
AI - CORRECT ANSWER - a value based on observed or experimentally determined
approximations, used when an RDA cannot be determined
estimated average requirment - CORRECT ANSWER - EAR
,EAR - CORRECT ANSWER - a value used to approximate the nutrient needs of half of
the healthy people in a group
upper limit - CORRECT ANSWER - UL
UL - CORRECT ANSWER - the highest amount of a nutrient that most individuals can
consume without adverse effects ( how much is too much?)
Vitamin A names - CORRECT ANSWER - Animal sources: retinol, retinoic, and retinoic
acid
plant sources: beta- carotene ( precursor to...)
Vit. A physiological Functions - CORRECT ANSWER - overall health of cells and
membranes ( proper vision, reproduction, bone and tooth development, immune system), beta-
carotene is an antioxidant
Hypovitaminosis A - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin A deficiency
Vit. A deficiency symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - night blindness,permanent
blindness, more frequent and severe infections, lack of growth, inability to reproduction
Toxcity symptoms of Vit. A - CORRECT ANSWER - blurred vision, lack of growth, birth
defects, hemorrhaging, liver failure and can be fatal
hypervitaminosis A (from animal products) - CORRECT ANSWER - Toxicity disease of
vit A
Vit A food sources - CORRECT ANSWER - animal: liver, fish oil, milk, milk fortified
products
plant: dark-green leafy veggies (spinach), orange fruits and veggies (carrots, cantaloupe,
tomatoes)
, Excess beta-carotene supplements - CORRECT ANSWER - associated with pro-oxidant
not antioxidant functions, may promote tumor growth in smokers. the yellowing of the skin that
occurs is thought to be harmless but is indicative of a high level of intake
Vitamin D names - CORRECT ANSWER - calciferol, cholecalciferol
vit D Physiological function - CORRECT ANSWER - Regulates bone mineralization
Rickets, Osteomalacia - CORRECT ANSWER - Vit D deficiency disease
symptoms of Vit. D deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - bowing of the legs,
demineralization of the bone, joint pain, muscle spasms
Hypervitaminosis D - CORRECT ANSWER - Toxicity Disease of Vitamin D
Vit. D Toxicity symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - calcification of tissues including
blood vessels, kidney stones, general gastrointestinal and nervous system complications
Food sources of Vit. D - CORRECT ANSWER - Fish oil, (fish such as salmon, mackerel,
tuna, and shrimp), milk (fortified), margarine (fortified)
Ultraviolet light(sunshine) - CORRECT ANSWER - activate a Vit. D precursor in the skin
Vit. E names - CORRECT ANSWER - Tocopherol (alpha-tocopherol, beta-tocopherol)
vit. E physiological function - CORRECT ANSWER - antioxidant, proper red blood cell
formation
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - - essential nutrients needed in small quantities for the
proper functioning of the body
- body cannot synthesize them
- need in adequate amount ( too much or to little can have negative effects on health and sport
performance)
- Athletes may have increased needs that can be achieved by increased diet intake
exercise - CORRECT ANSWER - doesn't require increased vitamin needs (athlete may
have increased needs)
Solubility and Physiological function - CORRECT ANSWER - classification of vitamins
vitamin solubility - CORRECT ANSWER - Fat or water
vitamin physiological function - CORRECT ANSWER - -energy metabolism
-red blood cell formation
-association with antioxidant functions
-growth and development
Fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin A, D, E, K
Fat soluble - CORRECT ANSWER - -absorbed slowly and transport in the blood requires
a carrier
-stored in the liver cells and adipose cells
-each has a recommended daily intake or RDI
,-more likely to be toxic at high doses
water soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER - B complex vitamins ( B1 thiamin, B2
riboflavin, B3 niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, folate/folic acid, B6, B12, and Vitamin C)
water soluble - CORRECT ANSWER - -easily absorbed and transported in the blood with
out the need for a carrier
-no designated storage site ( tissues can become saturated with vitamins and if over saturated,
excess is excreted via urine)
-less likely to be toxic at high doses
-saturation/ excretion system works exceptionally well and no toxicity symptoms have been
reported for vitamins including: B1, B2, pantothenic acid, and biotin
Dietary reference intakes - CORRECT ANSWER - DRI
DRI - CORRECT ANSWER - nutrient recommendations for healthy, moderately active
people
Recommended dietary allowance - CORRECT ANSWER - RDA
RDA - CORRECT ANSWER - average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet
the nutrient requirement of nearly all ( about 98%) healthy individuals (how much is enough?)
adequate intake - CORRECT ANSWER - AI
AI - CORRECT ANSWER - a value based on observed or experimentally determined
approximations, used when an RDA cannot be determined
estimated average requirment - CORRECT ANSWER - EAR
,EAR - CORRECT ANSWER - a value used to approximate the nutrient needs of half of
the healthy people in a group
upper limit - CORRECT ANSWER - UL
UL - CORRECT ANSWER - the highest amount of a nutrient that most individuals can
consume without adverse effects ( how much is too much?)
Vitamin A names - CORRECT ANSWER - Animal sources: retinol, retinoic, and retinoic
acid
plant sources: beta- carotene ( precursor to...)
Vit. A physiological Functions - CORRECT ANSWER - overall health of cells and
membranes ( proper vision, reproduction, bone and tooth development, immune system), beta-
carotene is an antioxidant
Hypovitaminosis A - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin A deficiency
Vit. A deficiency symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - night blindness,permanent
blindness, more frequent and severe infections, lack of growth, inability to reproduction
Toxcity symptoms of Vit. A - CORRECT ANSWER - blurred vision, lack of growth, birth
defects, hemorrhaging, liver failure and can be fatal
hypervitaminosis A (from animal products) - CORRECT ANSWER - Toxicity disease of
vit A
Vit A food sources - CORRECT ANSWER - animal: liver, fish oil, milk, milk fortified
products
plant: dark-green leafy veggies (spinach), orange fruits and veggies (carrots, cantaloupe,
tomatoes)
, Excess beta-carotene supplements - CORRECT ANSWER - associated with pro-oxidant
not antioxidant functions, may promote tumor growth in smokers. the yellowing of the skin that
occurs is thought to be harmless but is indicative of a high level of intake
Vitamin D names - CORRECT ANSWER - calciferol, cholecalciferol
vit D Physiological function - CORRECT ANSWER - Regulates bone mineralization
Rickets, Osteomalacia - CORRECT ANSWER - Vit D deficiency disease
symptoms of Vit. D deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER - bowing of the legs,
demineralization of the bone, joint pain, muscle spasms
Hypervitaminosis D - CORRECT ANSWER - Toxicity Disease of Vitamin D
Vit. D Toxicity symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - calcification of tissues including
blood vessels, kidney stones, general gastrointestinal and nervous system complications
Food sources of Vit. D - CORRECT ANSWER - Fish oil, (fish such as salmon, mackerel,
tuna, and shrimp), milk (fortified), margarine (fortified)
Ultraviolet light(sunshine) - CORRECT ANSWER - activate a Vit. D precursor in the skin
Vit. E names - CORRECT ANSWER - Tocopherol (alpha-tocopherol, beta-tocopherol)
vit. E physiological function - CORRECT ANSWER - antioxidant, proper red blood cell
formation
