CHP1-MicrobesinOurLives ● Useflagellatoswim
● Microbes(microorganisms)=bacteria,fungi(yeasts&molds),protozoa, b)Archaea=prokaryotic
microscopicalgae ● NOpeptidoglycan
● Microorganismshelpmaintainbalanceoflifeinenvir. ● 3groups=methanogens (producemethane),extreme halophiles
● Marine&freshwatermicroorganisms=basisoffoodchainin (liveinsaltyenvir.),extreme thermophiles (liveinhotsulfurous
ocean,lakes,rivers water)
● Soilmicrobes=breakdownwaste&usenitrogengasfromairinto c)Fungi=eukaryotes
organiccompounds ● containDNAw/nuclearmembrane
● Roleinphotosynthesis ● Unicellularormulticellular
● Usedinsynthesisofvitamins,enzymes,alcohols,drugs ● ex)mushrooms,yeast(molds)
● Foodindustryuseforvinegar,pickles,cheese,yogurt,bread ● Chitincellwalls
Microbiome ● Reproducesexuallyorasexually
● Human microbiome (microbiota) =microbesthatlivestablyin&on ● Nutritionfromorganicmaterialinenvir.(soil,sweater,freshwater,
humanbody animal,plant)
● Bacteriainintestines…ex)E.coli,aiddigestion d)Protozoa=unicellulareukaryotic
● Bacteriapreventgrowthofpathogenicspecies,trainsimmunesystemfor ● Movebyflagella,cilia,pseudopods(falsefeet)
foreigninvaders ● Parasites
● Normal Microbiota =microbeslivingonorinhumans(notharmful) ● Energy=light
● Transient microbiota =microbestemporarilyfoundonhumans ● CO2forsugar
● HumanMicrobeProject=goalofdeterminingmakeupoftypical ● Reproducesexuallyorasexually
microbiotaofvariousareasofthebody e)Algae=eukaryotes
● NationalMicrobiomeInitiative(NMI)=exploresroleofmicrobesin ● Cellwallsofcellulose
differentecosystems ● Infreshwater&saltwater,soil
Naming&ClassifyingMicroorganisms ● Needlight,water,CO2forfood&growth
Nomenclature ● Photosynthesis=produceO2&carbohydrates
● 1735Linnaeus f)Viruses=acellular(notcells)
● 2namesfororganisms-genus (1stname&capitalized)&specific ● Containsonly1core(DNAorRNA)
epithet (speciesname,lowercase) ● Onlylivingwhentheymultiplyinhost
● Bothunderlinedoritalicized,canbeinitialofgenus&specific ● Inertoutsideoflivinghost
epithet g)MulticellularAnimalParasites=eukaryotes
Types of Microorganisms ● 2groupsofparasiticworms=flatworms&roundworms
a)Bacteria=prokaryotes,simpleunicellularorganisms (helminth)
● Bacillus (rod),coccus (spherical),spiral Classification of Microorganisms
● Cellwallsmadeofcarbohydrate&protein,peptidoglycan CarlWoese3domains=
, ● Reproducebybinaryfission 1. Bacteria
● Nutritionfromorganicchemicals,photosynthesis,inorganic 2. Archaea
substances 3. Eukarya=
● Microbes(microorganisms)=bacteria,fungi(yeasts&molds),protozoa, b)Archaea=prokaryotic
microscopicalgae ● NOpeptidoglycan
● Microorganismshelpmaintainbalanceoflifeinenvir. ● 3groups=methanogens (producemethane),extreme halophiles
● Marine&freshwatermicroorganisms=basisoffoodchainin (liveinsaltyenvir.),extreme thermophiles (liveinhotsulfurous
ocean,lakes,rivers water)
● Soilmicrobes=breakdownwaste&usenitrogengasfromairinto c)Fungi=eukaryotes
organiccompounds ● containDNAw/nuclearmembrane
● Roleinphotosynthesis ● Unicellularormulticellular
● Usedinsynthesisofvitamins,enzymes,alcohols,drugs ● ex)mushrooms,yeast(molds)
● Foodindustryuseforvinegar,pickles,cheese,yogurt,bread ● Chitincellwalls
Microbiome ● Reproducesexuallyorasexually
● Human microbiome (microbiota) =microbesthatlivestablyin&on ● Nutritionfromorganicmaterialinenvir.(soil,sweater,freshwater,
humanbody animal,plant)
● Bacteriainintestines…ex)E.coli,aiddigestion d)Protozoa=unicellulareukaryotic
● Bacteriapreventgrowthofpathogenicspecies,trainsimmunesystemfor ● Movebyflagella,cilia,pseudopods(falsefeet)
foreigninvaders ● Parasites
● Normal Microbiota =microbeslivingonorinhumans(notharmful) ● Energy=light
● Transient microbiota =microbestemporarilyfoundonhumans ● CO2forsugar
● HumanMicrobeProject=goalofdeterminingmakeupoftypical ● Reproducesexuallyorasexually
microbiotaofvariousareasofthebody e)Algae=eukaryotes
● NationalMicrobiomeInitiative(NMI)=exploresroleofmicrobesin ● Cellwallsofcellulose
differentecosystems ● Infreshwater&saltwater,soil
Naming&ClassifyingMicroorganisms ● Needlight,water,CO2forfood&growth
Nomenclature ● Photosynthesis=produceO2&carbohydrates
● 1735Linnaeus f)Viruses=acellular(notcells)
● 2namesfororganisms-genus (1stname&capitalized)&specific ● Containsonly1core(DNAorRNA)
epithet (speciesname,lowercase) ● Onlylivingwhentheymultiplyinhost
● Bothunderlinedoritalicized,canbeinitialofgenus&specific ● Inertoutsideoflivinghost
epithet g)MulticellularAnimalParasites=eukaryotes
Types of Microorganisms ● 2groupsofparasiticworms=flatworms&roundworms
a)Bacteria=prokaryotes,simpleunicellularorganisms (helminth)
● Bacillus (rod),coccus (spherical),spiral Classification of Microorganisms
● Cellwallsmadeofcarbohydrate&protein,peptidoglycan CarlWoese3domains=
, ● Reproducebybinaryfission 1. Bacteria
● Nutritionfromorganicchemicals,photosynthesis,inorganic 2. Archaea
substances 3. Eukarya=
