, Explain the principle of complementarity. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Anatomy and
physiology are inseparable because function always reflects structure examples.) bones
support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits and, blood
flows in one direction through the heart because the heart has valves that prevent back
flow.
Levels of structural organization (in order of increasing complexity) - CORRECT
ANSWERS-1) Chemical Level- At this level atoms, tiny building blocks of matter
combine to form molecules such as water and proteins.
2) Cellular Level- All cells have some common functions, but individual cells vary widely
in size and shape, reflecting their unique functions in the body.
3) Tissue Level- Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function
4) Organ Level- Organs are made up of different tissues.
5) Organ (System) level- Organ systems consist of different organs that work together
closely.
6) Organismal Level- The human organism is made up of many organ systems.
11 Organ systems of the body (major functions) - CORRECT ANSWERS-1)
Integumentary System- Forms the external body covering.
2) Skeletal System- Protects and supports body organs.
3) Muscular System- Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial
expressions.
4) Lymphatic System- Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the
blood
5) Respiratory System- Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes
carbon dioxide.
6) Digestive System- Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for
distribution to body cells.
7) Nervous System- Fast acting control system of the body.
8) Endocrine System- Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as
growth, reproduction, and nutrient use.
9)Cardiovascular System- Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon
dioxide, nutrients , wastes, etc.
10) Urinary System- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body.
11) Reproductive System- Overall function is production of offspring.
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWERS-Negative
Feedback Mechanisms- In these systems, the output shuts off the original stimulus or
reduces intensity. Examples: Regulation of body temperatures; Withdrawal Reflex in
which the hand is jerked away from a painful stimulus such as a broken glass; As blood
volume drops, the hypothalamus of the brain is stimulated to release ADH to the blood.
Positive Feedback Mechanisms- The result or response enhances the original stimulus
so that the activity is accelerated. Examples: Homeostatic mechanisms are the
enhancement of labor contractions during birth and blood clotting.
physiology are inseparable because function always reflects structure examples.) bones
support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits and, blood
flows in one direction through the heart because the heart has valves that prevent back
flow.
Levels of structural organization (in order of increasing complexity) - CORRECT
ANSWERS-1) Chemical Level- At this level atoms, tiny building blocks of matter
combine to form molecules such as water and proteins.
2) Cellular Level- All cells have some common functions, but individual cells vary widely
in size and shape, reflecting their unique functions in the body.
3) Tissue Level- Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function
4) Organ Level- Organs are made up of different tissues.
5) Organ (System) level- Organ systems consist of different organs that work together
closely.
6) Organismal Level- The human organism is made up of many organ systems.
11 Organ systems of the body (major functions) - CORRECT ANSWERS-1)
Integumentary System- Forms the external body covering.
2) Skeletal System- Protects and supports body organs.
3) Muscular System- Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial
expressions.
4) Lymphatic System- Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the
blood
5) Respiratory System- Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes
carbon dioxide.
6) Digestive System- Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for
distribution to body cells.
7) Nervous System- Fast acting control system of the body.
8) Endocrine System- Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as
growth, reproduction, and nutrient use.
9)Cardiovascular System- Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon
dioxide, nutrients , wastes, etc.
10) Urinary System- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body.
11) Reproductive System- Overall function is production of offspring.
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWERS-Negative
Feedback Mechanisms- In these systems, the output shuts off the original stimulus or
reduces intensity. Examples: Regulation of body temperatures; Withdrawal Reflex in
which the hand is jerked away from a painful stimulus such as a broken glass; As blood
volume drops, the hypothalamus of the brain is stimulated to release ADH to the blood.
Positive Feedback Mechanisms- The result or response enhances the original stimulus
so that the activity is accelerated. Examples: Homeostatic mechanisms are the
enhancement of labor contractions during birth and blood clotting.
