A&E II exam with correct answers
Q1: Which patient is at greatest risk for the development of skin cancer?
-African American male who lives in the northeast
-Elderly Hispanic female who moved from Mexico as a child
-Family history of basal cell carcinoma
-Fair skin complexion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔4
**everybody is at risk, even darker people
sun exposure affects?
Cultural & Ethnic Considerations
ways to prevent skin damage - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sun Exposure →
degenerative changes resulting in premature aging
-Loss of elasticity
-Wrinkling
-Drying of skin
-Sun Practices: UVA, UVB - sunscreen 15 SPF or >
-Sunny climates ↑ incidence of skin cancer
-All skin types are at risk for skin cancer
-Skin assessment
,-Hygiene
-Exercise → ↑circulation
-Rest & Sleep
-Nutrition → well balanced diet
Malignant Skin Neoplasms--risk factors? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Persistent
lesion that does not heal, should be have a biopsy
-Self examination
Risk factors
-Fair skin
-Chronic UV light (sun) exposure
-Family hx of skin cancer
-Exposure to tar & systemic arsenical chemicals
-Living near the equator
-Outdoor work & frequent recreational activities
-Dark skinned persons are less susceptible
melanoma---more serious - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔more serious- likelihood of
becoming invasive and systemic
-unknown cause
Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
,Basal Cell Carcinoma---population? appearance?
treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Most common & least deadly
-Sun exposed skin
-Slow growing & invades local tissue
-Metastasis rare
-Middle to older adults
-Slow enlarging papule with pearly appearance, slight erythema, & translucent
border
-Excisional surgery
-cheekbones usually
Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
Squamous Cell Carcinoma appearance?
treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Previously damaged skin
-Potentially metastatic & can cause death
-Firm reddish rough thick nodules with indistinct borders with scaling & ulceration,
opaque & bleeding
-Surgical excision
-risk for infection- cleaning, nutrition, circulation, change dressing/keep it covered,
antibiotics
Malignant Melanoma
pathophysiology
risk factors - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Tumors arising in cells producing melanin
-Can metastasize to brain & heart
, -Most deadly skin cancer causing 40,000 deaths/year
Risk factors
-Cause is unknown
-Skin sensitivity, UV radiation
-Genetic
-Hormonal
-Immunologic factors
-Recreational lifestyle
-Spontaneous gene mutation - 70% of cases
Malignant Melanoma
clinical manifestations (women v men)
ABCDE assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-1/3 exist occur in existing nevi or
moles
-In women, melanoma occurs in lower legs
-In men, melanoma occurs on trunk, head & neck
-Melanin causes tumors to most often be brown or black
ABCDE assessment
-Asymmetry - one side does not match the other
-Borders - irregular, ragged, or blurred edges
-Color- lack of uniformity in pigmentation
-Diameter - > 6mm or the size of a pencil eraser
-Elevation
Q1: Which patient is at greatest risk for the development of skin cancer?
-African American male who lives in the northeast
-Elderly Hispanic female who moved from Mexico as a child
-Family history of basal cell carcinoma
-Fair skin complexion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔4
**everybody is at risk, even darker people
sun exposure affects?
Cultural & Ethnic Considerations
ways to prevent skin damage - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sun Exposure →
degenerative changes resulting in premature aging
-Loss of elasticity
-Wrinkling
-Drying of skin
-Sun Practices: UVA, UVB - sunscreen 15 SPF or >
-Sunny climates ↑ incidence of skin cancer
-All skin types are at risk for skin cancer
-Skin assessment
,-Hygiene
-Exercise → ↑circulation
-Rest & Sleep
-Nutrition → well balanced diet
Malignant Skin Neoplasms--risk factors? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Persistent
lesion that does not heal, should be have a biopsy
-Self examination
Risk factors
-Fair skin
-Chronic UV light (sun) exposure
-Family hx of skin cancer
-Exposure to tar & systemic arsenical chemicals
-Living near the equator
-Outdoor work & frequent recreational activities
-Dark skinned persons are less susceptible
melanoma---more serious - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔more serious- likelihood of
becoming invasive and systemic
-unknown cause
Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
,Basal Cell Carcinoma---population? appearance?
treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Most common & least deadly
-Sun exposed skin
-Slow growing & invades local tissue
-Metastasis rare
-Middle to older adults
-Slow enlarging papule with pearly appearance, slight erythema, & translucent
border
-Excisional surgery
-cheekbones usually
Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
Squamous Cell Carcinoma appearance?
treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Previously damaged skin
-Potentially metastatic & can cause death
-Firm reddish rough thick nodules with indistinct borders with scaling & ulceration,
opaque & bleeding
-Surgical excision
-risk for infection- cleaning, nutrition, circulation, change dressing/keep it covered,
antibiotics
Malignant Melanoma
pathophysiology
risk factors - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Tumors arising in cells producing melanin
-Can metastasize to brain & heart
, -Most deadly skin cancer causing 40,000 deaths/year
Risk factors
-Cause is unknown
-Skin sensitivity, UV radiation
-Genetic
-Hormonal
-Immunologic factors
-Recreational lifestyle
-Spontaneous gene mutation - 70% of cases
Malignant Melanoma
clinical manifestations (women v men)
ABCDE assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-1/3 exist occur in existing nevi or
moles
-In women, melanoma occurs in lower legs
-In men, melanoma occurs on trunk, head & neck
-Melanin causes tumors to most often be brown or black
ABCDE assessment
-Asymmetry - one side does not match the other
-Borders - irregular, ragged, or blurred edges
-Color- lack of uniformity in pigmentation
-Diameter - > 6mm or the size of a pencil eraser
-Elevation
