Pharmacology- Exam 1, chapters 1, 2, and 3 Questions And Answers

Pharmacology- Exam 1, chapters 1, 2,
and 3 Questions And Answers
additivekeffectk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
twokseparatekdrugskwithksimilarkactionskgivenktogetherktokproducekcombinedkresponsek(1
+1=2)

agonistk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
drugkproducesksamektypekofkresponsek(ifknotkgreater)kaskendogenousk(ownkbodykputskout
)ksubstancekex:ktypek1kDM,kpersonkdoesknotkproducekinsulinksokinsulinkinjectionskdoeskthe
kjob-kiskankagonist



antagonistk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
drugkoccupieskreceptorkandkpreventskendogenouskchemicalkfromkproducingkitskaction
ex:knaloxonekblockskeffectskofkmorphine.k
-usefulkinkreversingkoverdosekeffects

Antagonistickeffectk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-addingksecondkdrugk--
>kdecreasekpharmalogicalkresponsek(1+1<2)
-cankresultkinkdrugkreactionskbeingk"cancelled"

bioavailabilityk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
thekratekorkextentkthatkthekdrugskactivekingredientkiskabsorbedkandkavailablekatktheksitekofk
actionktokproducekitskeffect

buccalk(enteralkroute)k-kCORRECTkkANSWER-drugkplacedkbetweenkcheekkandkgum

definekdrugkconcentrationkandktherapeutickresponsek-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
therapeutickresponsekfromkmostkdrugskdirectlykrelatedktoktheirkconcentrationkinkblood

definekdrugkexcretionk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
drugskremovedkmainlykbykkidneyskfromkbody

definekprodrugk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
drugskthatkrequirekmetabolismktokproducektheirktherapeutickeffects

definitionkofktopicalkroutek-kCORRECTkkANSWER--
drugskappliedktokskinkandkmucouskmembranes,kproducingklocalkorksystemickeffects
-slowerkonsetkandklongerkdurationkofkactionkcomparedktokoral/parentalkroutes
-thekfirstkpasskeffectkiskavoidedkbyktopicalkroutesk(exceptkrectal)

, differentkkindskofkparentalkroutek-kCORRECTkkANSWER--intradermalk(ID)
-subcutaneousk(SQ)
-intramusculark(IM)
-intravenousk(IV)

Drugk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
anyksubstancekcapablekofkproducingkbiologickresponseskwithinkbody

drugkabsorptionk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
movementkofkdrugkfromkadministrationksitekintokthekblood

drugkaction:kdurationk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
timekforkdrugktokmaintainktherapeutickresponsekinkthekbody

Drugkaction:konsetk-kCORRECTkkANSWER--
timekforkdrugktokproducektherapeutickresponsekafterkadministration
-whenkitkkickskin

drugkaction:kpeakk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
timekforkdrugktokreachkmaximumktherapeutickresponsekandkhighestkconcentrationkinkblood
stream
ex:kwatchkforkinsulinktokcompletelykdropkbloodksugarklevels

drugkhalf-lifek-kCORRECTkkANSWER-timekrequiredkforkbodyktokeliminatek50%kofkdrug

Drugkprototypek-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
agentktokwhichkallkotherkdrugskinkitskrepresentativekclasskarekcompared.k
ex:kbykknowingkactionskandkadversekeffectskofkpenicillin,kthiskknowledgekcankbekextended
ktokallkotherkdrugskinktheksamekclasskofkantibiotics



efficacyk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-maximumkresponsekproducedkfromkparticularkdrug
-morekimportantkthankpotencyk(doctorsklookkatkefficacykoverkpotency)

enteralkroutek-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
drugskdeliveredktokGIktract,keitherkorallykorkthroughknasogastric/gastrostomyktubes

first-passkeffectk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
beforekreachingkgeneralkcirculation,klargeknumberkofkoralkdrugskinactivatedkinkliverkafterka
bsorbedkfromkGIktractkintokhepatic-portalkcirculation

forkkidneykandkliverkimpairment,kwhatkneedsktokbekdonekwithkthekhalfklifekofkdrugs?k-
kCORRECTkkANSWER--increasekhalfklife

-drugkconcentrationkmaykreachktoxicklevels

formskofktopicalkmedsk-kCORRECTkkANSWER-
inhalers,kointments,kpastes,kpowders,ksolutions,ksuppositories,kandktransdermalkpatches