Biology NC EOC Review Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Cell Wall - ✔✔A ridged structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many
protists, and most bacteria
Chloroplast - ✔✔contains chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis
Chromatin - ✔✔The DNA in a non-dividing cell; uncoiled chromosomes
Chromosome - ✔✔DNA in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division
Cilium/Cilia - ✔✔A short, hairlike organelle that extends from a cell and functions in
locomotion
Cytosol/Cytoplasm - ✔✔The gelatin like aqueous fluid that bathes the organelles on the
inside of the cell membrane
Flagellum/Flagella - ✔✔A whip-like structure made up of microtubles that function in
locomotion
Golgi Apparatus - ✔✔A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies protiens
for export by the cell
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,Lysosome - ✔✔A organelle containing digestive enzymes, existing primarily in animal
cells
Mitochondria - ✔✔The organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic
cells; FOLDS=More Surface Area=More ENERGY
Nuclear Envelope - ✔✔A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic
cells
Nuclear Pore - ✔✔A small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass
between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Nucleolus - ✔✔The structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially
assemble; found in most nuclei
Ribosome - ✔✔the site of protein synthesis
Selectively Permeable (Semi-Permeable) Membrane - ✔✔A membrane that keeps some
molecules out but allows others to pass through
Vacuole - ✔✔A fluid filled organelle that stores water & food; plants have enzymes of
metabolic waste material
Concentration Gradient - ✔✔the difference of a concentration of substance across a
space
Contractile Vacuole - ✔✔an organelle in protists that expels/regulates water
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, Diffusion - ✔✔the process, by which, molecules move from an area of greater
concentration to an area of lesser concentration
Equilibrium - ✔✔a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is equal
throughout a space
Facilitated Diffusion - ✔✔a process in which substances move down their concentration
gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins; passive-
requires NO Energy
Hypertonic - ✔✔describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that
inside a cell; water moves out & cell shrinks
Hypotonic - ✔✔describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower than that
inside a cell; water moves in & cell swells
Isotonic - ✔✔describing a solution whose solute concentration is equal that inside a cell;
water moves in & out at a constant rate (equilibrium)
Osmosis - ✔✔the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Passive transport - ✔✔the movement of substances across the cell membrane without
the use of cell energy
Turgor Pressure - ✔✔water pressure within a plant cell
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and Answers 100% Pass
Cell Wall - ✔✔A ridged structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many
protists, and most bacteria
Chloroplast - ✔✔contains chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis
Chromatin - ✔✔The DNA in a non-dividing cell; uncoiled chromosomes
Chromosome - ✔✔DNA in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division
Cilium/Cilia - ✔✔A short, hairlike organelle that extends from a cell and functions in
locomotion
Cytosol/Cytoplasm - ✔✔The gelatin like aqueous fluid that bathes the organelles on the
inside of the cell membrane
Flagellum/Flagella - ✔✔A whip-like structure made up of microtubles that function in
locomotion
Golgi Apparatus - ✔✔A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies protiens
for export by the cell
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,Lysosome - ✔✔A organelle containing digestive enzymes, existing primarily in animal
cells
Mitochondria - ✔✔The organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic
cells; FOLDS=More Surface Area=More ENERGY
Nuclear Envelope - ✔✔A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic
cells
Nuclear Pore - ✔✔A small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass
between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Nucleolus - ✔✔The structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially
assemble; found in most nuclei
Ribosome - ✔✔the site of protein synthesis
Selectively Permeable (Semi-Permeable) Membrane - ✔✔A membrane that keeps some
molecules out but allows others to pass through
Vacuole - ✔✔A fluid filled organelle that stores water & food; plants have enzymes of
metabolic waste material
Concentration Gradient - ✔✔the difference of a concentration of substance across a
space
Contractile Vacuole - ✔✔an organelle in protists that expels/regulates water
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, Diffusion - ✔✔the process, by which, molecules move from an area of greater
concentration to an area of lesser concentration
Equilibrium - ✔✔a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is equal
throughout a space
Facilitated Diffusion - ✔✔a process in which substances move down their concentration
gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins; passive-
requires NO Energy
Hypertonic - ✔✔describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that
inside a cell; water moves out & cell shrinks
Hypotonic - ✔✔describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower than that
inside a cell; water moves in & cell swells
Isotonic - ✔✔describing a solution whose solute concentration is equal that inside a cell;
water moves in & out at a constant rate (equilibrium)
Osmosis - ✔✔the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Passive transport - ✔✔the movement of substances across the cell membrane without
the use of cell energy
Turgor Pressure - ✔✔water pressure within a plant cell
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