Final Review for NC Biology EOC Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Photosynthesis - ✔✔process of converting light energy to chemical energy (glucose) and
is only performed by autotrophs
Radiant Energy - ✔✔the energy input required for almost all living organisms and
which is converted to chemical energy to be used for life processes.
Cell - ✔✔basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms; must come from
other pre-existing ones
Prokaryotes - ✔✔cells that do not have membrane bound organelles; ex. bacteria
Eukaryotes - ✔✔organisms with cells that have membrane bound organelles; ex. plants,
animals, fungi, protists
Cells - ✔✔contain cytoplasm, plasma membrane, DNA, & ribosomes
Nucleus - ✔✔organelle that controls cell activity and contains the DNA in eukaryotes
Ribosomes - ✔✔where proteins are made
Mitochondria - ✔✔where cellular respiration takes place and energy is produced
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,Chloroplasts - ✔✔where photosynthesis takes place
Cell Wall - ✔✔structure found in plant & fungi cells and functions as support &
protection for the cell
Vacuole - ✔✔provides storage for water, food, waste within the cell and assists with
movement of water in/out of protists
Plasma Membrane - ✔✔surrounds the cell and maintains homeostasis by controlling
what goes in/out of the cell
Phospholipid Bilayer - ✔✔the double layer of lipids and proteins that make up the
plasma membrane
Concentration Gradient - ✔✔all things freely move from higher concentrations to lower
concentrations
Diffusion - ✔✔a form of passive transport where particles move with the concentration
gradient & does not require energy
Passive transport - ✔✔particles moving across a membrane without the use of energy
ATP - ✔✔where cellular energy is stored within the Phosphate bonds
Aerobic Respiration - ✔✔cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Homeostasis - ✔✔organisms or individual cells maintaining balance in order to survive
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, Mitosis - ✔✔the steps in which chromosomes separate and divide in the cell cycle
Cytokinesis - ✔✔the division at the end of the cell cycle in which 2 separate cells are
created
Cell Cycle - ✔✔Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
Mitosis - ✔✔Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Specialized Cell - ✔✔have specific function and structure; blood cell, nerve cell, muscle
cell
Organic Compounds - ✔✔contain carbon and make up all living things
Proteins - ✔✔made of amino acids and are used to build tissue, repair cells, & control
metabolism
Carbohydrates - ✔✔made of monosaccharides and are used to provide energy for
organisms
Lipids - ✔✔made of glycerol & fatty acids and are used for insulation and energy
storage
Enzymes - ✔✔proteins that increase the rate of a reaction (catalysts) by lowering the
energy of activation
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Photosynthesis - ✔✔process of converting light energy to chemical energy (glucose) and
is only performed by autotrophs
Radiant Energy - ✔✔the energy input required for almost all living organisms and
which is converted to chemical energy to be used for life processes.
Cell - ✔✔basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms; must come from
other pre-existing ones
Prokaryotes - ✔✔cells that do not have membrane bound organelles; ex. bacteria
Eukaryotes - ✔✔organisms with cells that have membrane bound organelles; ex. plants,
animals, fungi, protists
Cells - ✔✔contain cytoplasm, plasma membrane, DNA, & ribosomes
Nucleus - ✔✔organelle that controls cell activity and contains the DNA in eukaryotes
Ribosomes - ✔✔where proteins are made
Mitochondria - ✔✔where cellular respiration takes place and energy is produced
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,Chloroplasts - ✔✔where photosynthesis takes place
Cell Wall - ✔✔structure found in plant & fungi cells and functions as support &
protection for the cell
Vacuole - ✔✔provides storage for water, food, waste within the cell and assists with
movement of water in/out of protists
Plasma Membrane - ✔✔surrounds the cell and maintains homeostasis by controlling
what goes in/out of the cell
Phospholipid Bilayer - ✔✔the double layer of lipids and proteins that make up the
plasma membrane
Concentration Gradient - ✔✔all things freely move from higher concentrations to lower
concentrations
Diffusion - ✔✔a form of passive transport where particles move with the concentration
gradient & does not require energy
Passive transport - ✔✔particles moving across a membrane without the use of energy
ATP - ✔✔where cellular energy is stored within the Phosphate bonds
Aerobic Respiration - ✔✔cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Homeostasis - ✔✔organisms or individual cells maintaining balance in order to survive
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, Mitosis - ✔✔the steps in which chromosomes separate and divide in the cell cycle
Cytokinesis - ✔✔the division at the end of the cell cycle in which 2 separate cells are
created
Cell Cycle - ✔✔Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
Mitosis - ✔✔Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Specialized Cell - ✔✔have specific function and structure; blood cell, nerve cell, muscle
cell
Organic Compounds - ✔✔contain carbon and make up all living things
Proteins - ✔✔made of amino acids and are used to build tissue, repair cells, & control
metabolism
Carbohydrates - ✔✔made of monosaccharides and are used to provide energy for
organisms
Lipids - ✔✔made of glycerol & fatty acids and are used for insulation and energy
storage
Enzymes - ✔✔proteins that increase the rate of a reaction (catalysts) by lowering the
energy of activation
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