Ohio Biology EOC Review Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
What are genes? - ✔✔Genes are sections of DNA that control a single genetic trait and
code for a protein.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology? - ✔✔DNA -> RNA -> Protein
What process makes mRNA? - ✔✔transcription
What process makes proteins? - ✔✔translation
Name the base pairs in DNA - ✔✔A-T
G-C
Name the base pairs in RNA - ✔✔A + U, C + G
What determines the shape of a protein? - ✔✔sequence of amino acids
What is genetic recombination? - ✔✔the production of offspring with combinations of
traits differing from either parent
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, What are two types of genetic recombination? - ✔✔crossing over and independent
assortment
Crossing over is - ✔✔Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of
their chromatids during meiosis.
Independent assortment - ✔✔Independent segregation of genes during the formation of
gametes
How can a mutation affect a protein? - ✔✔It can change the protein, not make a protein,
have a protein that doesn't stop, or not cause a change.
Which mutations are cause larger changes to a protein? - ✔✔Frameshift mutations,
insertion/deletion.
Why is a DNA mutation harmful? - ✔✔A mRNA sequence will always have the
mutation. A mutation on mRNA isn't as bad, as mRNA can be repaired if damaged.
Is DNA identical in all cells? - ✔✔Yes!
Complete dominance - ✔✔a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant
over another
Incomplete dominance - ✔✔Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant
over another allele, causing a mix of traits.
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and Answers 100% Pass
What are genes? - ✔✔Genes are sections of DNA that control a single genetic trait and
code for a protein.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology? - ✔✔DNA -> RNA -> Protein
What process makes mRNA? - ✔✔transcription
What process makes proteins? - ✔✔translation
Name the base pairs in DNA - ✔✔A-T
G-C
Name the base pairs in RNA - ✔✔A + U, C + G
What determines the shape of a protein? - ✔✔sequence of amino acids
What is genetic recombination? - ✔✔the production of offspring with combinations of
traits differing from either parent
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
, What are two types of genetic recombination? - ✔✔crossing over and independent
assortment
Crossing over is - ✔✔Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of
their chromatids during meiosis.
Independent assortment - ✔✔Independent segregation of genes during the formation of
gametes
How can a mutation affect a protein? - ✔✔It can change the protein, not make a protein,
have a protein that doesn't stop, or not cause a change.
Which mutations are cause larger changes to a protein? - ✔✔Frameshift mutations,
insertion/deletion.
Why is a DNA mutation harmful? - ✔✔A mRNA sequence will always have the
mutation. A mutation on mRNA isn't as bad, as mRNA can be repaired if damaged.
Is DNA identical in all cells? - ✔✔Yes!
Complete dominance - ✔✔a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant
over another
Incomplete dominance - ✔✔Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant
over another allele, causing a mix of traits.
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
