ASBOG Exam Questions with Verified
Answers
basalt - ANS-what is the most widely distributed volcanic rock?
gabbro - ANS-what is the most common intrusive rock?
feldspar - ANS-what is the most widespread mineral?
shale - ANS-what is the most common sedimentary rock?
arthropods - ANS-what is the largest animal phylum?
7 - ANS-how many major tectonic plates are there?
coal-fired power plants - ANS-what is the largest source of mercury emissions in the
US?
granite - ANS-give an example of a plutonic rock high in quartz
gabbro - ANS-give an example of a plutonic rock low in quartz
rhyolite - ANS-give an example of a volcanic rock high in quartz
basalt - ANS-give an example of a volcanic rock low in quartz
orthoclase - ANS-type of feldspar rich in potassium
albite - ANS-type of feldspar rich in sodium
anorthite - ANS-type of feldspar rich in calcium
Mg and Ca - ANS-as a melt cools, it becomes depleted in ____ and ____.
Na and K - ANS-as a melt cools, it becomes enriched in ____ and ____.
calcite, gypsum, halite - ANS-what is the order of deposition for evaporates?
marble or quartzite - ANS-give an example of a nonfoliated metamorphic rock
slate, phyllite, or schist - ANS-give an example of a strongly foliated metamorphic rock
,blueschist facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops in subduction zones at low
temperatures and high pressures
zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops with the
burial of shale in subduction zones, low level metamorphism, metasedimentary rocks
retain original characteristics
greenschist facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops under regional
metamorphism with moderate temp and pressures, form low-grade metamorphic rocks
such as slate, phyllite
amphibolite facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops deeper in orogenic belts
with high temps and moderate to high pressures, form higher grade metamorphic rocks
such as schist, gneiss, quartzite, and marble
granulite facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops in deep regional
metamorphism with very high temp and pressures, forms highest grade metamorphic
rocks
eclogite facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops in tectonic blocks and shear
zones under very high pressures and are rare except in California
Foid - ANS-igneous rocks containing up to 60% modal feldspathoids (i.e. syenite)
trilobite - ANS-give an example of an arthropod fossil
gastropods, cephalopods, bivalves - ANS-give an example of a mollusk fossil
coral - ANS-give an example of a cnidaria fossil
crinoid - ANS-give an example of an echinoderm fossil
Ordovician to Devonian - ANS-graptolites are used as index fossils for what time
periods?
Pennsylvanian to Permian - ANS-Fusilinids are used as index fossils for what time
periods?
transgression - ANS-a fining upward sequence reflects a __________.
regression - ANS-a coarsening upward sequence reflects a __________.
Silurian - ANS-the first land plants emerged when?
end of Jurassic - ANS-the first hot-blooded animals were birds which emerged when?
, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous - ANS-the three periods of the Mesozoic Era are _____
K-T mass extinction - ANS-an extinction which was likely caused by an asteroid impact
and flood basalts, killed dinosaurs
Permian-Triassic - ANS-an extinction which was likely caused by lava eruption of
Siberian traps, killed 95% of all species
Ordovian-Silurian - ANS-an extinction likely caused by glaciation in Paleozoic, killed
60% marine genera
Offset - ANS-The horizontal component of displacement measured perpendicular to the
strike of the disrupted unit.
Divergent - ANS-the Mid-Atlantic ridge or the East African rift zone are examples of this
type of plate boundary
Convergent - ANS-island arcs and the Cascadia Subduction zone are examples of this
type of plate boundary
Transform - ANS-the San Andreas fault is an example of this plate boundary
lignite, subbituminous, bituminous, anthracite - ANS-what is coal rank from lowest to
highest?
clay - ANS-which is more porous, sand or clay?
sand - ANS-which has a higher specific yield, sand or clay?
low - ANS-a rock with high porosity has _______ resistivity
low - ANS-a rock with pores filled with high salinity water has _____ resistivity.
high - ANS-coal rock has a very ______ resistivity.
14 - ANS-minimum thickness for rank is _____ inches for anthracite and bituminous
30 - ANS-minimum thickness for rank is _____ inches for subbituminous and lignite
Taconic, Acadian, Alleghanian orogenies - ANS-Three orogenies affected the
Appalachian mountains in the Eastern US from the Ordovician to the Permian, what
were they?
Pennsylvanian - ANS-The ancestral Rocky Mountains were formed in the ________
time period by uplift, the mountains were later eroded down.
Answers
basalt - ANS-what is the most widely distributed volcanic rock?
gabbro - ANS-what is the most common intrusive rock?
feldspar - ANS-what is the most widespread mineral?
shale - ANS-what is the most common sedimentary rock?
arthropods - ANS-what is the largest animal phylum?
7 - ANS-how many major tectonic plates are there?
coal-fired power plants - ANS-what is the largest source of mercury emissions in the
US?
granite - ANS-give an example of a plutonic rock high in quartz
gabbro - ANS-give an example of a plutonic rock low in quartz
rhyolite - ANS-give an example of a volcanic rock high in quartz
basalt - ANS-give an example of a volcanic rock low in quartz
orthoclase - ANS-type of feldspar rich in potassium
albite - ANS-type of feldspar rich in sodium
anorthite - ANS-type of feldspar rich in calcium
Mg and Ca - ANS-as a melt cools, it becomes depleted in ____ and ____.
Na and K - ANS-as a melt cools, it becomes enriched in ____ and ____.
calcite, gypsum, halite - ANS-what is the order of deposition for evaporates?
marble or quartzite - ANS-give an example of a nonfoliated metamorphic rock
slate, phyllite, or schist - ANS-give an example of a strongly foliated metamorphic rock
,blueschist facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops in subduction zones at low
temperatures and high pressures
zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops with the
burial of shale in subduction zones, low level metamorphism, metasedimentary rocks
retain original characteristics
greenschist facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops under regional
metamorphism with moderate temp and pressures, form low-grade metamorphic rocks
such as slate, phyllite
amphibolite facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops deeper in orogenic belts
with high temps and moderate to high pressures, form higher grade metamorphic rocks
such as schist, gneiss, quartzite, and marble
granulite facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops in deep regional
metamorphism with very high temp and pressures, forms highest grade metamorphic
rocks
eclogite facies - ANS-this metamorphic facies develops in tectonic blocks and shear
zones under very high pressures and are rare except in California
Foid - ANS-igneous rocks containing up to 60% modal feldspathoids (i.e. syenite)
trilobite - ANS-give an example of an arthropod fossil
gastropods, cephalopods, bivalves - ANS-give an example of a mollusk fossil
coral - ANS-give an example of a cnidaria fossil
crinoid - ANS-give an example of an echinoderm fossil
Ordovician to Devonian - ANS-graptolites are used as index fossils for what time
periods?
Pennsylvanian to Permian - ANS-Fusilinids are used as index fossils for what time
periods?
transgression - ANS-a fining upward sequence reflects a __________.
regression - ANS-a coarsening upward sequence reflects a __________.
Silurian - ANS-the first land plants emerged when?
end of Jurassic - ANS-the first hot-blooded animals were birds which emerged when?
, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous - ANS-the three periods of the Mesozoic Era are _____
K-T mass extinction - ANS-an extinction which was likely caused by an asteroid impact
and flood basalts, killed dinosaurs
Permian-Triassic - ANS-an extinction which was likely caused by lava eruption of
Siberian traps, killed 95% of all species
Ordovian-Silurian - ANS-an extinction likely caused by glaciation in Paleozoic, killed
60% marine genera
Offset - ANS-The horizontal component of displacement measured perpendicular to the
strike of the disrupted unit.
Divergent - ANS-the Mid-Atlantic ridge or the East African rift zone are examples of this
type of plate boundary
Convergent - ANS-island arcs and the Cascadia Subduction zone are examples of this
type of plate boundary
Transform - ANS-the San Andreas fault is an example of this plate boundary
lignite, subbituminous, bituminous, anthracite - ANS-what is coal rank from lowest to
highest?
clay - ANS-which is more porous, sand or clay?
sand - ANS-which has a higher specific yield, sand or clay?
low - ANS-a rock with high porosity has _______ resistivity
low - ANS-a rock with pores filled with high salinity water has _____ resistivity.
high - ANS-coal rock has a very ______ resistivity.
14 - ANS-minimum thickness for rank is _____ inches for anthracite and bituminous
30 - ANS-minimum thickness for rank is _____ inches for subbituminous and lignite
Taconic, Acadian, Alleghanian orogenies - ANS-Three orogenies affected the
Appalachian mountains in the Eastern US from the Ordovician to the Permian, what
were they?
Pennsylvanian - ANS-The ancestral Rocky Mountains were formed in the ________
time period by uplift, the mountains were later eroded down.
