1. What is an antigen?
A. A cell that produces antibodies
B. A foreign molecule that stimulates an immune response
C. A protein found in red blood cells
D. A molecule that suppresses immune activity
Answer: b) A foreign molecule that stimulates an immune
response
Rationale: An antigen is any substance that the immune system
recognizes as foreign and responds to, typically by producing
antibodies.
2. Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?
A. Immunization with a vaccine
B. Exposure to a pathogen resulting in immunity
C. Transfer of antibodies from mother to infant via placenta
D. Activation of T cells in response to an infection
Answer: c) Transfer of antibodies from mother to infant via
placenta
Rationale: Passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies
from one individual to another, providing temporary protection,
such as during pregnancy.
,3. Which class of immunoglobulins is predominantly found in
mucosal areas such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts?
A. IgM
B. IgE
C. IgA
D. IgG
Answer: c) IgA
Rationale: IgA is found in mucosal areas like the respiratory and
gastrointestinal tracts, where it plays a crucial role in mucosal
immunity by preventing pathogen entry.
4. What is the function of memory B cells?
A. To produce antibodies during the primary immune response
B. To destroy infected cells
C. To remain inactive until a pathogen is encountered again
D. To stimulate T cells
Answer: c) To remain inactive until a pathogen is encountered
again
Rationale: Memory B cells are long-lived and "remember"
pathogens. They remain inactive until re-exposure to the same
pathogen, at which point they rapidly produce antibodies.
, 5. What is the function of the spleen in the immune system?
A. It produces antibodies
B. It filters blood and removes damaged cells
C. It stores red blood cells
D. It produces white blood cells
Answer: b) It filters blood and removes damaged cells
Rationale: The spleen filters blood, removing old or damaged red
blood cells and pathogens, and is involved in immune responses.
6. What does the term "autoimmune disease" refer to?
A. Diseases caused by external pathogens
B. Diseases where the immune system attacks the body's own
tissues
C. Conditions where the immune system is underactive
D. Diseases that affect only the lymphatic system
Answer: b) Diseases where the immune system attacks the body's
own tissues
Rationale: In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly
targets the body's own cells as if they were foreign.
7. Which of the following is an example of artificial active
immunity?
A. Immunization with a vaccine
A. A cell that produces antibodies
B. A foreign molecule that stimulates an immune response
C. A protein found in red blood cells
D. A molecule that suppresses immune activity
Answer: b) A foreign molecule that stimulates an immune
response
Rationale: An antigen is any substance that the immune system
recognizes as foreign and responds to, typically by producing
antibodies.
2. Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?
A. Immunization with a vaccine
B. Exposure to a pathogen resulting in immunity
C. Transfer of antibodies from mother to infant via placenta
D. Activation of T cells in response to an infection
Answer: c) Transfer of antibodies from mother to infant via
placenta
Rationale: Passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies
from one individual to another, providing temporary protection,
such as during pregnancy.
,3. Which class of immunoglobulins is predominantly found in
mucosal areas such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts?
A. IgM
B. IgE
C. IgA
D. IgG
Answer: c) IgA
Rationale: IgA is found in mucosal areas like the respiratory and
gastrointestinal tracts, where it plays a crucial role in mucosal
immunity by preventing pathogen entry.
4. What is the function of memory B cells?
A. To produce antibodies during the primary immune response
B. To destroy infected cells
C. To remain inactive until a pathogen is encountered again
D. To stimulate T cells
Answer: c) To remain inactive until a pathogen is encountered
again
Rationale: Memory B cells are long-lived and "remember"
pathogens. They remain inactive until re-exposure to the same
pathogen, at which point they rapidly produce antibodies.
, 5. What is the function of the spleen in the immune system?
A. It produces antibodies
B. It filters blood and removes damaged cells
C. It stores red blood cells
D. It produces white blood cells
Answer: b) It filters blood and removes damaged cells
Rationale: The spleen filters blood, removing old or damaged red
blood cells and pathogens, and is involved in immune responses.
6. What does the term "autoimmune disease" refer to?
A. Diseases caused by external pathogens
B. Diseases where the immune system attacks the body's own
tissues
C. Conditions where the immune system is underactive
D. Diseases that affect only the lymphatic system
Answer: b) Diseases where the immune system attacks the body's
own tissues
Rationale: In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly
targets the body's own cells as if they were foreign.
7. Which of the following is an example of artificial active
immunity?
A. Immunization with a vaccine
