NUR 160 HONDROS ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms - anorexia, N,V, decreased DTR, confusion, coma,
constipation, kidney stones
Hypocalcemia Causes - decreased calcium and Vit D, Diarrhea, diuretics, alcoholism,
malabsorption, burns
Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms - irritanility, osteoporosis, N,V,D, increase dDTR,
arrhtymtias, +Trousseau sign, +Chvostek sign
Trousseau sign - BP
Chvostek sign - cheek
Heparin - PTT
Coumadin - PT/INR
PH (acidosis,alkalosis) - 7.35-7.45
PO2 - 80-100
PCO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - 35-45
SaO2 - 80-100
HCO3 (Bicarb) - 22-26
ROME - Repiratory
Opposite
Metabolic
Equal
How to read an ABG - 1. Determine if values are high, low, or normal
2. Draw the appropriate arrows next to each value
3. Decide if two values are the same, or if two values are apposite (same=metabolic,
opposite=respiratory)
4. Look at only Ph, if low acidosis, if high alkalosis
UTI signs and symptoms - Burning, frequency, urgency, foul smell, sediment, abdominal
pain, chills, fever, darkness, confusion
Hypovolemic Shock sign sand symptoms - decreased BP, Increased HR, restlessness,
decreased urine output
, normal urine output - 15mL/kidney/hr, so 30mL/hour, 200mL per 8 hrs. if 40mL < call
MD
Nursing Interventions for hypovolemic shock - monitor vitals, behavior, output, assess
pt, notify MD, raise legs, push fluids, give meds as prescribed, pt may need O2 and they
may need to be tipped on head
evisceration - when an organ is sticking up out of a wound that has opened
Dehiscense - When a wound has opened up, most often d/t force (cough)
What to do for dehiscense - put pillow on abdomen when coughing, semi-high fowler's,
cover with sterile, moist dressing and notify MD
Pain meds - start low, go slow
Physiological signs of pain - Red, sweating,crying, irritated, fetal position
How to help with pt pain - try non- pharmacological interventions first, when nothing
works-ask someone else, go through chain of command
at risk for urinary retention - post-surgical, men with large prostates, TBI, stroke,
paralyzed
Nursing interventions for urinary retention - i&o, push fluids, run water, stick hands in
warm water, bladder scan-see how much is in there (if at or more than 200, call
someone), pt will need straight cath at that point, when straight cathed, if you get to
1000, clamp it off and go back later.
DVT signs and symptoms - unilateral swelling, redness, hot, painful, pulseless, cannot
move toes or very little, pale below where clot is
Prevention of DVT - early and frequent ambulation, TED hose
Safety with DVT - immobilize, call MD, you do not move the pt,
Bowel Obstruction - bloating, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation
Nursing Interventions for Bowel Obstruction - auscultate bowel sounds (5min/quadrant),
look, listen, feel, get pt moving, coughing and deep breathing, ZERO bowel sound sis
an emergency, notify MD
Prednisone - decreases inflammation
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis - Hyperventilation, Obesity, Anxiety
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms - anorexia, N,V, decreased DTR, confusion, coma,
constipation, kidney stones
Hypocalcemia Causes - decreased calcium and Vit D, Diarrhea, diuretics, alcoholism,
malabsorption, burns
Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms - irritanility, osteoporosis, N,V,D, increase dDTR,
arrhtymtias, +Trousseau sign, +Chvostek sign
Trousseau sign - BP
Chvostek sign - cheek
Heparin - PTT
Coumadin - PT/INR
PH (acidosis,alkalosis) - 7.35-7.45
PO2 - 80-100
PCO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - 35-45
SaO2 - 80-100
HCO3 (Bicarb) - 22-26
ROME - Repiratory
Opposite
Metabolic
Equal
How to read an ABG - 1. Determine if values are high, low, or normal
2. Draw the appropriate arrows next to each value
3. Decide if two values are the same, or if two values are apposite (same=metabolic,
opposite=respiratory)
4. Look at only Ph, if low acidosis, if high alkalosis
UTI signs and symptoms - Burning, frequency, urgency, foul smell, sediment, abdominal
pain, chills, fever, darkness, confusion
Hypovolemic Shock sign sand symptoms - decreased BP, Increased HR, restlessness,
decreased urine output
, normal urine output - 15mL/kidney/hr, so 30mL/hour, 200mL per 8 hrs. if 40mL < call
MD
Nursing Interventions for hypovolemic shock - monitor vitals, behavior, output, assess
pt, notify MD, raise legs, push fluids, give meds as prescribed, pt may need O2 and they
may need to be tipped on head
evisceration - when an organ is sticking up out of a wound that has opened
Dehiscense - When a wound has opened up, most often d/t force (cough)
What to do for dehiscense - put pillow on abdomen when coughing, semi-high fowler's,
cover with sterile, moist dressing and notify MD
Pain meds - start low, go slow
Physiological signs of pain - Red, sweating,crying, irritated, fetal position
How to help with pt pain - try non- pharmacological interventions first, when nothing
works-ask someone else, go through chain of command
at risk for urinary retention - post-surgical, men with large prostates, TBI, stroke,
paralyzed
Nursing interventions for urinary retention - i&o, push fluids, run water, stick hands in
warm water, bladder scan-see how much is in there (if at or more than 200, call
someone), pt will need straight cath at that point, when straight cathed, if you get to
1000, clamp it off and go back later.
DVT signs and symptoms - unilateral swelling, redness, hot, painful, pulseless, cannot
move toes or very little, pale below where clot is
Prevention of DVT - early and frequent ambulation, TED hose
Safety with DVT - immobilize, call MD, you do not move the pt,
Bowel Obstruction - bloating, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation
Nursing Interventions for Bowel Obstruction - auscultate bowel sounds (5min/quadrant),
look, listen, feel, get pt moving, coughing and deep breathing, ZERO bowel sound sis
an emergency, notify MD
Prednisone - decreases inflammation
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis - Hyperventilation, Obesity, Anxiety
