PHIL101 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Solved
Does Rand think that morality and selfishness are opposites? Why or why not? - Answers No. Behaving
rationally means putting your own interests first. You have a duty to act selfish. Morality and altruism
are opposites.
What does she think about being selfish? - Answers Self esteem. Live in accordance to your own nature
and respect your own ability to do the right thing.
What attitudes or actions does she view as immoral? - Answers Self-sacrifice. Asking help from others. A
love that is placed above oneself.
What does one seek, earn and derive from love? - Answers love is an expression of self esteem. A
response of one's own values in another. Get's a purpose and selfish happiness/joy from love.
Why does Rand think that a selfless, disinterested love is a contradiction in terms? - Answers because it
means one is indifferent to that which one values.
Is it a sacrifice for a man who is passionately in love with his wife to spend a fortune to save his wife's
life? - Answers No it is selfish. Her survival is of greatest importance to his happiness.
Would it be a sacrifice for a man to let his wife die to save ten other women? - Answers Yes it would be
a sacrifice to give up his wife's life.
What would altruism advise this man to do? - Answers altruism says that losing the life of one woman is
worth it to save the lives of ten women.
What would Rand advise? - Answers Rand says to act in accordance to what would bring happiness to
one's own life. In other words to selfishly save your wife, if you could not live without her.
Suppose a man fails to save the one he loves and, as a consequence, lives a life of loneliness. Would
Rand morally condemn the action of the man? - Answers yes as treason against their own moral values.
values are those which one acts to gain or keep
What is the virtue involved in helping those one loves? - Answers integrity
How does Rand define integrity? - Answers loyalty to one's convictions and values. The policy of acting in
accordance to one's values. Upholding them and translating them into reality.
What does Ayn Rand identify as the ultimate moral value for each human being? - Answers your highest
moral purpose is the achievement of one's own happiness.
Is Rand's ethical theory teleological, hedonistic or altruistic? - Answers Rand is an ethical egoist believes
in teleological ethics - where only the consequences of an action are morally relevant.
Does she believe in God? - Answers no, own happiness is achieved through work and thinking.
, How does Rand define "selfishness"? - Answers As a virtue, because it promotes ones rational values
(own life and happiness).
In popular usage, how has the word "selfishness" commonly been understood? - Answers exploit others
for your own gain
What political theories/ systems does Rand tend to support - Answers capitalism, which she thinks
respects the individual. Where you have a freedom to function and a constant rise in general good.
What is the proper role of government? - rand - Answers minimalist. Only job is to protect our rights or
protect us from physical violence.
What are the four conditions of the Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE)? - Answers Nature of Act (is it good
or neutral)
Intentions
Bad effect is not means to good effect (action must lead directly to good effect. The bad effect cannot be
the means)
Bad effect is proportional to good effect (good must outweigh bad)
How does DDE help one decide whether an action is morally right? - Answers if passes all the conditions
independently it is a morally right decision.
How can someone use DDE to justify pulling the lever which would kill one person in order to save five
people from a runaway trolley? - Answers it is justifiable if pulling the lever to divert a runaway trolley
onto a track holding one person away from a track holding 5 people; in that case one foresees the death
of one as a side effect of saving 5, but does not intend it.
How can DDE be applied to prove that it would be wrong to push a man so that his death saves five
other people from a runaway trolley? - Answers it is wrong if you push someone on the track because it
would involve intending harm to one as a means of saving five people. Goes agianst 1st and 3rd.
How can DDE be applied to these cases: - Answers a) Robin Hood's act of stealing from the rich to give to
the poor = goes against the 1st and 3rd condition.
b) hysterectomy of a cancerous uterus = justifiable because doctor is aiming to save the woman's life
while merely foreseeing the death of the fetus.
c) abortion to free the woman of an unwanted pregnancy = wrong because intending to kill a fetus as
means to saving mother.
d) terminal sedation that may hasten death =
e) active euthanasia of a dying patient =
Does Rand think that morality and selfishness are opposites? Why or why not? - Answers No. Behaving
rationally means putting your own interests first. You have a duty to act selfish. Morality and altruism
are opposites.
What does she think about being selfish? - Answers Self esteem. Live in accordance to your own nature
and respect your own ability to do the right thing.
What attitudes or actions does she view as immoral? - Answers Self-sacrifice. Asking help from others. A
love that is placed above oneself.
What does one seek, earn and derive from love? - Answers love is an expression of self esteem. A
response of one's own values in another. Get's a purpose and selfish happiness/joy from love.
Why does Rand think that a selfless, disinterested love is a contradiction in terms? - Answers because it
means one is indifferent to that which one values.
Is it a sacrifice for a man who is passionately in love with his wife to spend a fortune to save his wife's
life? - Answers No it is selfish. Her survival is of greatest importance to his happiness.
Would it be a sacrifice for a man to let his wife die to save ten other women? - Answers Yes it would be
a sacrifice to give up his wife's life.
What would altruism advise this man to do? - Answers altruism says that losing the life of one woman is
worth it to save the lives of ten women.
What would Rand advise? - Answers Rand says to act in accordance to what would bring happiness to
one's own life. In other words to selfishly save your wife, if you could not live without her.
Suppose a man fails to save the one he loves and, as a consequence, lives a life of loneliness. Would
Rand morally condemn the action of the man? - Answers yes as treason against their own moral values.
values are those which one acts to gain or keep
What is the virtue involved in helping those one loves? - Answers integrity
How does Rand define integrity? - Answers loyalty to one's convictions and values. The policy of acting in
accordance to one's values. Upholding them and translating them into reality.
What does Ayn Rand identify as the ultimate moral value for each human being? - Answers your highest
moral purpose is the achievement of one's own happiness.
Is Rand's ethical theory teleological, hedonistic or altruistic? - Answers Rand is an ethical egoist believes
in teleological ethics - where only the consequences of an action are morally relevant.
Does she believe in God? - Answers no, own happiness is achieved through work and thinking.
, How does Rand define "selfishness"? - Answers As a virtue, because it promotes ones rational values
(own life and happiness).
In popular usage, how has the word "selfishness" commonly been understood? - Answers exploit others
for your own gain
What political theories/ systems does Rand tend to support - Answers capitalism, which she thinks
respects the individual. Where you have a freedom to function and a constant rise in general good.
What is the proper role of government? - rand - Answers minimalist. Only job is to protect our rights or
protect us from physical violence.
What are the four conditions of the Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE)? - Answers Nature of Act (is it good
or neutral)
Intentions
Bad effect is not means to good effect (action must lead directly to good effect. The bad effect cannot be
the means)
Bad effect is proportional to good effect (good must outweigh bad)
How does DDE help one decide whether an action is morally right? - Answers if passes all the conditions
independently it is a morally right decision.
How can someone use DDE to justify pulling the lever which would kill one person in order to save five
people from a runaway trolley? - Answers it is justifiable if pulling the lever to divert a runaway trolley
onto a track holding one person away from a track holding 5 people; in that case one foresees the death
of one as a side effect of saving 5, but does not intend it.
How can DDE be applied to prove that it would be wrong to push a man so that his death saves five
other people from a runaway trolley? - Answers it is wrong if you push someone on the track because it
would involve intending harm to one as a means of saving five people. Goes agianst 1st and 3rd.
How can DDE be applied to these cases: - Answers a) Robin Hood's act of stealing from the rich to give to
the poor = goes against the 1st and 3rd condition.
b) hysterectomy of a cancerous uterus = justifiable because doctor is aiming to save the woman's life
while merely foreseeing the death of the fetus.
c) abortion to free the woman of an unwanted pregnancy = wrong because intending to kill a fetus as
means to saving mother.
d) terminal sedation that may hasten death =
e) active euthanasia of a dying patient =
