NU 631 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
The most common cause of croup is:
Bordetella pertussis.
parainfluenza virus.
coronavirus.
Haemophilus influenzae. - parainfluenza virus.
Results from spirometry testing of a 60-year-old man indicate an FEV1/FVC <70%, 30% FEV1 <80%
predicted. Given these results, expected symptoms in this patient would include:
shortness of breath and pursed lip breathing at rest.
productive cough and dyspnea on exertion.
decreased pulses and peripheral edema.
bradycardia with tachypnea. - productive cough and dyspnea on exertion.
Findings of FEV1/FVC <70%, 30% FEV1 <80% predicted suggest the presence of moderate COPD.
Symptoms include cough, sputum production, and dyspnea on exertion. Symptoms of pursed lip
breathing at rest, decreased pulses, peripheral edema, and tachycardia with tachypnea suggest severe
COPD.
Annual influenza vaccination is necessary due to:
active immunity.
passive immunity.
adaptive immunity.
antigenic variation. - antigenic variation.
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of pulmonary edema?
Foul-smelling, blood-tinged sputum
Red or green sputum that contains pus
A cough that produces pink, frothy sputum
A frequent cough that is dry and nonproductive - A cough that produces pink, frothy sputum
,Pulmonary edema is a condition in which fluid leaks into the alveolar spaces due to hemodynamic
causes such as left heart failure or pulmonary venous obstruction. This obstruction causes microvascular
injury or increased capillary permeability, resulting in pink, frothy sputum (hemoptysis).
Acute respiratory consequences of pulmonary embolism include:
endothelial injury.
turbulence of blood flow.
hypercoagulability.
pulmonary infarction. - pulmonary infarction.
The other 3 factors predispose a patient to blood clot formation
Acute respiratory consequences of pulmonary embolism (PE) include: increased alveolar dead space;
hypoxemia; hyperventilation; loss of surfactant; and pulmonary infarction.
A common assessment finding in patients with cystic fibrosis is steatorrhea due to:
hyperalgesia.
pancreatic insufficiency.
short gut syndrome.
increased intestinal mobility. - pancreatic insufficiency.
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis include bulky, oily, foul-smelling stool (steatorrhea) resulting from an inability
to absorb fats. Intestinal obstruction and mechanical problems are due to pancreatic insufficiency with
atrophy, as well as obstructive cirrhosis and hypoplastic gallbladder.
An acute hemodynamic consequence of a pulmonary embolism that may cause significant mortality is:
pulmonary hypertension.
right ventricular failure.
pleural effusion.
pulmonary infarction. - right ventricular failure.
Pulmonary infarction is usually reversible, if caught & intervention is early
,Inflammation of the bronchioles and trachea that usually follows an upper respiratory tract infection in
adults is:
asthma.
bronchiolitis.
pneumonia.
acute bronchitis. - acute bronchitis.
Which of the following is true about influenza viruses?
One type of influenza virus exists.
Influenza viruses are specific to humans.
Influenza A viruses cause most human infections.
Influenza C is primarily found in animal species. - Influenza A viruses cause most human
infections.
A highly contagious, acute febrile viral illness of the respiratory tract that is associated with significant
morbidity and mortality is:
rhinovirus.
influenza.
norovirus.
respiratory syncytial virus. - influenza.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a risk factor associated with:
asthma.
Crohn's disease.
polycystic ovarian syndrome.
gout. - asthma.
Esophageal acid can produce bronchoconstriction and therefore exacerbate airflow obstruction in
patients with asthma.
Inflammation of the bronchioles that results in obstruction of the small airway is:
, pneumonia.
bronchiolitis.
tracheomalacia.
croup. - bronchiolitis.
Diagnostic studies to identify cystic fibrosis include a sweat test that measures:
chloride.
urea.
potassium.
lactic acid. - chloride.
The sweat test measures the concentration of chloride that is excreted in sweat. The defective chloride
channels affect the concentration of chloride in sweat, causing elevated chloride levels in patients with
cystic fibrosis (CF).
All patients with altered lung function associated with possible COPD should be assessed for airflow
obstruction using:
spirometry.
CT scan of the chest.
a methacholine challenge test.
bronchoscopy. - spirometry.
All patients with altered lung function are evaluated with spirometry, which assesses airflow obstruction
with FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second), FVC (total volume forcibly exhaled), and FEV1/FVC
ratio. Spirometry defines severity, helps in determining prognosis, and measures response to therapy
and disease progression.
Whooping cough is caused by:
rhinoviruses.
adenoviruses.
Bordetella pertussis.
parainfluenza. - Bordetella pertussis.
ANSWERS
The most common cause of croup is:
Bordetella pertussis.
parainfluenza virus.
coronavirus.
Haemophilus influenzae. - parainfluenza virus.
Results from spirometry testing of a 60-year-old man indicate an FEV1/FVC <70%, 30% FEV1 <80%
predicted. Given these results, expected symptoms in this patient would include:
shortness of breath and pursed lip breathing at rest.
productive cough and dyspnea on exertion.
decreased pulses and peripheral edema.
bradycardia with tachypnea. - productive cough and dyspnea on exertion.
Findings of FEV1/FVC <70%, 30% FEV1 <80% predicted suggest the presence of moderate COPD.
Symptoms include cough, sputum production, and dyspnea on exertion. Symptoms of pursed lip
breathing at rest, decreased pulses, peripheral edema, and tachycardia with tachypnea suggest severe
COPD.
Annual influenza vaccination is necessary due to:
active immunity.
passive immunity.
adaptive immunity.
antigenic variation. - antigenic variation.
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of pulmonary edema?
Foul-smelling, blood-tinged sputum
Red or green sputum that contains pus
A cough that produces pink, frothy sputum
A frequent cough that is dry and nonproductive - A cough that produces pink, frothy sputum
,Pulmonary edema is a condition in which fluid leaks into the alveolar spaces due to hemodynamic
causes such as left heart failure or pulmonary venous obstruction. This obstruction causes microvascular
injury or increased capillary permeability, resulting in pink, frothy sputum (hemoptysis).
Acute respiratory consequences of pulmonary embolism include:
endothelial injury.
turbulence of blood flow.
hypercoagulability.
pulmonary infarction. - pulmonary infarction.
The other 3 factors predispose a patient to blood clot formation
Acute respiratory consequences of pulmonary embolism (PE) include: increased alveolar dead space;
hypoxemia; hyperventilation; loss of surfactant; and pulmonary infarction.
A common assessment finding in patients with cystic fibrosis is steatorrhea due to:
hyperalgesia.
pancreatic insufficiency.
short gut syndrome.
increased intestinal mobility. - pancreatic insufficiency.
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis include bulky, oily, foul-smelling stool (steatorrhea) resulting from an inability
to absorb fats. Intestinal obstruction and mechanical problems are due to pancreatic insufficiency with
atrophy, as well as obstructive cirrhosis and hypoplastic gallbladder.
An acute hemodynamic consequence of a pulmonary embolism that may cause significant mortality is:
pulmonary hypertension.
right ventricular failure.
pleural effusion.
pulmonary infarction. - right ventricular failure.
Pulmonary infarction is usually reversible, if caught & intervention is early
,Inflammation of the bronchioles and trachea that usually follows an upper respiratory tract infection in
adults is:
asthma.
bronchiolitis.
pneumonia.
acute bronchitis. - acute bronchitis.
Which of the following is true about influenza viruses?
One type of influenza virus exists.
Influenza viruses are specific to humans.
Influenza A viruses cause most human infections.
Influenza C is primarily found in animal species. - Influenza A viruses cause most human
infections.
A highly contagious, acute febrile viral illness of the respiratory tract that is associated with significant
morbidity and mortality is:
rhinovirus.
influenza.
norovirus.
respiratory syncytial virus. - influenza.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a risk factor associated with:
asthma.
Crohn's disease.
polycystic ovarian syndrome.
gout. - asthma.
Esophageal acid can produce bronchoconstriction and therefore exacerbate airflow obstruction in
patients with asthma.
Inflammation of the bronchioles that results in obstruction of the small airway is:
, pneumonia.
bronchiolitis.
tracheomalacia.
croup. - bronchiolitis.
Diagnostic studies to identify cystic fibrosis include a sweat test that measures:
chloride.
urea.
potassium.
lactic acid. - chloride.
The sweat test measures the concentration of chloride that is excreted in sweat. The defective chloride
channels affect the concentration of chloride in sweat, causing elevated chloride levels in patients with
cystic fibrosis (CF).
All patients with altered lung function associated with possible COPD should be assessed for airflow
obstruction using:
spirometry.
CT scan of the chest.
a methacholine challenge test.
bronchoscopy. - spirometry.
All patients with altered lung function are evaluated with spirometry, which assesses airflow obstruction
with FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second), FVC (total volume forcibly exhaled), and FEV1/FVC
ratio. Spirometry defines severity, helps in determining prognosis, and measures response to therapy
and disease progression.
Whooping cough is caused by:
rhinoviruses.
adenoviruses.
Bordetella pertussis.
parainfluenza. - Bordetella pertussis.
