ASM FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
In 3-4 sentences, describe Fleming's "firsts"--his advances and discoveries. - ANSWER-
His first discovery was that by surgically removing as much dead tissue as possible and
flushing the wounds of soldiers with sterile saline solution, infection was greatly
minimized and the production of white blood cells was stimulated. His second discovery
was that droplets of nasal mucus were destroying a yellowish bacterial colony in some
contaminated culture plates and identified the substance killing the bacteria as a protein
called lysozyme. His other discovery was of the powerful broad-spectrum antibacterial
substance penicillin, which he came across in his lab when he noticed on a petri dish
that the staph colonies close to mold had dissolved. He discovered the mold was
secreting something that killed many of the disease-causing bacteria even as it was
diluted, now known as penicillin.
In a 3-4 sentences, describe the cultural and historical context of Fleming's life and
work. - ANSWER-When World War I broke out, Fleming went to France to treat
wounded soldiers where he discovered antisepsis methods were not working for sever
wounds of the soldiers. Thousands of soldiers were dying of tetanus, blood poisoning,
and gangrene. Flemings approach to surgically remove dead tissue and flush the
wound with saline was resisted within the army. His discovery of lysozyme and penicillin
were both ignored and dismissed by his colleagues.
In 3-4 sentences, talk about your impressions of Fleming as a scientist and a person -
ANSWER-My impressions were that Fleming was a quiet and modest yet driven and
brilliant man who was confident in his remarkable discoveries. He seemed as though he
had conflicting personalities as a scientist and as a person. As a scientist, he was said
to be a leader, always at the top of his class, observant, and experimental. As a person,
he was said to be a sports lover, as well as modest, shy, and inscrutable.
T or F: Margaret Sanger coined the term "birth control" - ANSWER-true - She first used
the term in the June 1914 issue of a newspaper she founded: called "The Woman
Rebel".
T or F: Magaret Sanger created the birth control pill (The Pill). - ANSWER-false -
Sanger was a leading advocate for birth control. Katherine Dexter McCormick provided
the financial backing. Sanger recruited Gregory Pincus and John Rock, experimental
scientists, to developed the product.
T or F: Sanger, who was a practicing nurse, was jailed for distributing information about
birth control to her clients. - ANSWER-true - Sanger was sentenced to 30 days in jail for
providing information about birth control because it was illegal in her time.
, The first surgeon to transplant a human heart successfully was: - ANSWER-Christaan
Barnard
The main issue causing organ transplantation failure is - ANSWER-rejection
These days, in the US alone, organ transplantation occurs for - ANSWER-more than
25,000 Americans per year
A researcher and a doctor created in vitro fertilization (IVF). Their names were -
ANSWER-Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe
The discovery of IVF was first published in the scientific journal Nature in what year? -
ANSWER-1969
Select 1 other medical first we've discussed that involved controversy.
Compare/contrast the controversy around IVF and the other medical first you've chosen
- ANSWER-The creation of IVF was controversial as well as the creation of the Pill, two
firsts that deal with the creation of life. The topic of reproduction is subject to criticism by
both the science and religious community on the morality of the particular medical
advancement. Both Edwards and Sanger were rebuked by the scientific experts and
religious leaders. Sanger's distribution of contraceptive information, however, caught the
attention of law enforcement, legally was banned, and caused her to be sentenced to
jail. The controversy of IVF did not uproar this kind of chaos to the public. It is also
noteworthy that Sanger is the first woman to be focused on in this book as a medical
"first," which may have contributed to the controversy of the Pill over the already
controversial topic.
The last case of smallpox in our world occurred in: - ANSWER-1977
T or F: The Soviet Union asked the World Health Organization (WHO) to organize
worldwide vaccination for smallpox and donated a lot of vaccine doses to achieve this
goal. - ANSWER-true
The United States contributed these 2 innovations that sped the WHO's worldwide
vaccination efforts: - ANSWER-Two-pronged vaccination needle &
Eradication Escalation (E-squared) approach
T or F: This chapter on new plagues discusses disease related to the prion protein. -
ANSWER-true
It was not medical researchers who figured out how Kuru was transmitted within the
Fore people. Instead it was: - ANSWER-Anthropologists
The following text described what protein: "...bits of infectious, self-replicating protein
that can jump from cell to cell, animal to animal, and species to species" - ANSWER-
prions
CORRECT ANSWERS
In 3-4 sentences, describe Fleming's "firsts"--his advances and discoveries. - ANSWER-
His first discovery was that by surgically removing as much dead tissue as possible and
flushing the wounds of soldiers with sterile saline solution, infection was greatly
minimized and the production of white blood cells was stimulated. His second discovery
was that droplets of nasal mucus were destroying a yellowish bacterial colony in some
contaminated culture plates and identified the substance killing the bacteria as a protein
called lysozyme. His other discovery was of the powerful broad-spectrum antibacterial
substance penicillin, which he came across in his lab when he noticed on a petri dish
that the staph colonies close to mold had dissolved. He discovered the mold was
secreting something that killed many of the disease-causing bacteria even as it was
diluted, now known as penicillin.
In a 3-4 sentences, describe the cultural and historical context of Fleming's life and
work. - ANSWER-When World War I broke out, Fleming went to France to treat
wounded soldiers where he discovered antisepsis methods were not working for sever
wounds of the soldiers. Thousands of soldiers were dying of tetanus, blood poisoning,
and gangrene. Flemings approach to surgically remove dead tissue and flush the
wound with saline was resisted within the army. His discovery of lysozyme and penicillin
were both ignored and dismissed by his colleagues.
In 3-4 sentences, talk about your impressions of Fleming as a scientist and a person -
ANSWER-My impressions were that Fleming was a quiet and modest yet driven and
brilliant man who was confident in his remarkable discoveries. He seemed as though he
had conflicting personalities as a scientist and as a person. As a scientist, he was said
to be a leader, always at the top of his class, observant, and experimental. As a person,
he was said to be a sports lover, as well as modest, shy, and inscrutable.
T or F: Margaret Sanger coined the term "birth control" - ANSWER-true - She first used
the term in the June 1914 issue of a newspaper she founded: called "The Woman
Rebel".
T or F: Magaret Sanger created the birth control pill (The Pill). - ANSWER-false -
Sanger was a leading advocate for birth control. Katherine Dexter McCormick provided
the financial backing. Sanger recruited Gregory Pincus and John Rock, experimental
scientists, to developed the product.
T or F: Sanger, who was a practicing nurse, was jailed for distributing information about
birth control to her clients. - ANSWER-true - Sanger was sentenced to 30 days in jail for
providing information about birth control because it was illegal in her time.
, The first surgeon to transplant a human heart successfully was: - ANSWER-Christaan
Barnard
The main issue causing organ transplantation failure is - ANSWER-rejection
These days, in the US alone, organ transplantation occurs for - ANSWER-more than
25,000 Americans per year
A researcher and a doctor created in vitro fertilization (IVF). Their names were -
ANSWER-Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe
The discovery of IVF was first published in the scientific journal Nature in what year? -
ANSWER-1969
Select 1 other medical first we've discussed that involved controversy.
Compare/contrast the controversy around IVF and the other medical first you've chosen
- ANSWER-The creation of IVF was controversial as well as the creation of the Pill, two
firsts that deal with the creation of life. The topic of reproduction is subject to criticism by
both the science and religious community on the morality of the particular medical
advancement. Both Edwards and Sanger were rebuked by the scientific experts and
religious leaders. Sanger's distribution of contraceptive information, however, caught the
attention of law enforcement, legally was banned, and caused her to be sentenced to
jail. The controversy of IVF did not uproar this kind of chaos to the public. It is also
noteworthy that Sanger is the first woman to be focused on in this book as a medical
"first," which may have contributed to the controversy of the Pill over the already
controversial topic.
The last case of smallpox in our world occurred in: - ANSWER-1977
T or F: The Soviet Union asked the World Health Organization (WHO) to organize
worldwide vaccination for smallpox and donated a lot of vaccine doses to achieve this
goal. - ANSWER-true
The United States contributed these 2 innovations that sped the WHO's worldwide
vaccination efforts: - ANSWER-Two-pronged vaccination needle &
Eradication Escalation (E-squared) approach
T or F: This chapter on new plagues discusses disease related to the prion protein. -
ANSWER-true
It was not medical researchers who figured out how Kuru was transmitted within the
Fore people. Instead it was: - ANSWER-Anthropologists
The following text described what protein: "...bits of infectious, self-replicating protein
that can jump from cell to cell, animal to animal, and species to species" - ANSWER-
prions
