BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 With
Complete Solutions Latest Update
Animals - ✔✔✔-Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins
Collagen - ✔✔✔-Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - ✔✔✔-Dense irregular arrangement of collagen
Ligament - ✔✔✔-Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - ✔✔✔-Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
Zygote - ✔✔✔-Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Germ Layers - ✔✔✔-Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo
Blastula - ✔✔✔-Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
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,BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic
tissues)
Ectoderm - ✔✔✔-Germ layer covering embryo surface
Endoderm - ✔✔✔-Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube
(aka=Archenteron)
Diploblastic - ✔✔✔-Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the
embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - ✔✔✔-Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Bilaterians - ✔✔✔-All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
Cephalization - ✔✔✔-Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region
Larva - ✔✔✔-Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult,
undergoes metamorphosis
Juvenile - ✔✔✔-Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature
Cambrian explosion - ✔✔✔-535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil
appearance of many animal major groups
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, BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
Hox Genes - ✔✔✔-Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell to
form an arm)
Protosome - ✔✔✔-Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - ✔✔✔-Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
Coelom - ✔✔✔-Body cavity surrounding the gut
Sessile - ✔✔✔-Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)
Collar Cells - ✔✔✔-Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move
through the body of the sponge
Spicules - ✔✔✔-Tiny calcium/silica structures
Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - ✔✔✔-Hermaphrodites (release sperm into
environment)
Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals
(Phylum: Cnidaria) - ✔✔✔-Have radial symmetry
Possess two specialized cell layers (tissues) and nerve cells
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BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 With
Complete Solutions Latest Update
Animals - ✔✔✔-Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins
Collagen - ✔✔✔-Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - ✔✔✔-Dense irregular arrangement of collagen
Ligament - ✔✔✔-Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - ✔✔✔-Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
Zygote - ✔✔✔-Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Germ Layers - ✔✔✔-Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo
Blastula - ✔✔✔-Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
©®™ Page 1
,BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic
tissues)
Ectoderm - ✔✔✔-Germ layer covering embryo surface
Endoderm - ✔✔✔-Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube
(aka=Archenteron)
Diploblastic - ✔✔✔-Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the
embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - ✔✔✔-Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Bilaterians - ✔✔✔-All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
Cephalization - ✔✔✔-Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region
Larva - ✔✔✔-Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult,
undergoes metamorphosis
Juvenile - ✔✔✔-Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature
Cambrian explosion - ✔✔✔-535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil
appearance of many animal major groups
©®™ Page 2
, BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
Hox Genes - ✔✔✔-Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell to
form an arm)
Protosome - ✔✔✔-Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - ✔✔✔-Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
Coelom - ✔✔✔-Body cavity surrounding the gut
Sessile - ✔✔✔-Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)
Collar Cells - ✔✔✔-Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move
through the body of the sponge
Spicules - ✔✔✔-Tiny calcium/silica structures
Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - ✔✔✔-Hermaphrodites (release sperm into
environment)
Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals
(Phylum: Cnidaria) - ✔✔✔-Have radial symmetry
Possess two specialized cell layers (tissues) and nerve cells
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