biol 227 Exam Study Guide 2 with
Complete Answers
organelles
the membrane-bound compartments
membrane bound organelles
ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria
nonmembrane bound organelles
ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrosome, proteasomes
inclusions (not organelles) - melanin, glycogen and triglycerides
includes cytosol, organelles and inclusions
structure of plasma membrane
a fluid membrane, regulates movement of substances in and out of cell, small and
nonpolar substances able to seperate without assistance
phospholipids
polar head and two hydrophobic tails, bilayer, ensures cytosol and surrounding cells
remain separate
glycolipids
lipid with attached carbohydrate group, forms glycocalyx
cholesterol
scattered within bilayer, membrane strength and temperature
membrane proteins
float and move about fluid bilayer, integral or peripheral proteins
, integral proteins
penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer
peripheral proteins
bound to the surface of the membrane
transport proteins
regulate movement of substances across membrane
cell surface receptors
bind specific molecules that are called ligands
identity markers
communicate to other cells that they belong to the body
enzymes
catalyze chemical reactions
anchoring sites
secure cytoskeleton to plasma membrane
cell-adhesion proteins
perform cell to cell attachments
membrane transport
movement of substances into and out of the cell
passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
simple diffusion
movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Complete Answers
organelles
the membrane-bound compartments
membrane bound organelles
ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria
nonmembrane bound organelles
ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrosome, proteasomes
inclusions (not organelles) - melanin, glycogen and triglycerides
includes cytosol, organelles and inclusions
structure of plasma membrane
a fluid membrane, regulates movement of substances in and out of cell, small and
nonpolar substances able to seperate without assistance
phospholipids
polar head and two hydrophobic tails, bilayer, ensures cytosol and surrounding cells
remain separate
glycolipids
lipid with attached carbohydrate group, forms glycocalyx
cholesterol
scattered within bilayer, membrane strength and temperature
membrane proteins
float and move about fluid bilayer, integral or peripheral proteins
, integral proteins
penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer
peripheral proteins
bound to the surface of the membrane
transport proteins
regulate movement of substances across membrane
cell surface receptors
bind specific molecules that are called ligands
identity markers
communicate to other cells that they belong to the body
enzymes
catalyze chemical reactions
anchoring sites
secure cytoskeleton to plasma membrane
cell-adhesion proteins
perform cell to cell attachments
membrane transport
movement of substances into and out of the cell
passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
simple diffusion
movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
