NSG 219 Diabetes Exam Questions and
answers 2025
How .prevalent .is .diabetes? .- .ANS✓✓--40% .of .hospitalized .pts .have .diabetes
-every .17 .seconds .someone .is .diagnosed
-KY .ranks .8th .in .US
-1 .in .3 .people .have .prediabetes
-16% .of .pregnant .women .in .ky .have .gestational .diabetes
what .is .diabetes? .- .ANS✓✓-
chronic, .complex, .common .disorder .of .metabolism, .mostly .glucose
pancreas
Type .1 .diabetes .(T1DM) .- .ANS✓✓-autoimmune .disorder
pt .do .not .make .insulin, .will .ALWAYS .require .insulin
tx: .insulin .injections .or .pump, .oral .meds .do .not .work .due .to .stomach .acidity
why .would .weight .loss .occur .with .T1DM? .- .ANS✓✓-
the .body .cannot .utilize .glucose .for .energy .due .to .a .lack .of .insulin, .causing .it .to
.break .down .muscle .and .fat .tissue .for .fuel .instead
Type .2 .diabetes .(T2DM) .- .ANS✓✓-
progressive .and .usually .related .to .insulin .resistance .and .deficiency .
tx: .diet, .activity, .stress .management, .diabetes .education, .and .meds
prediabetes .- .ANS✓✓-
precursor .to .T2DM, .once .diagnosed .the .goal .is .to .prevent .T2DM .for .as .long .as .
possible. .
tx: .diet .and .activity .
screening .starts .at .45, .unless .indicated
, what .is .MODY? .- .ANS✓✓-
maturity .onset .diabetes .of .the .young .is .an .inherited .mutation .found .later .in .life.
patients .are .also .prescribed .a .statin .whe .on .metformin .or .other .diabetes .meds.
.Why? .- .ANS✓✓-
Lowers ."bad" .LDL .cholesterol .levels .in .the .blood, .reducing .plaque .buildup .in .a
rteries
side .effects: .muscle .aches
what .is .metformin? .- .ANS✓✓-
first .line .of .defense .for .T2DM. .works .by .lowering .blood .sugar .levels .by .reducin
g .glucose .produced .by .the .liver, .improving .the .body's .sensitivity .to .insulin, .and
.decreasing .the .absorption .of .glucose .from .the .intestines
why .is .CoQ10 .prescribed .as .well? .- .ANS✓✓-
is .an .antioxidant .that .helps .with .cellular .energy .metabolism.
how .does .gestational .diabetes .(GDM) .affect .mother .and .babies? .- .ANS✓✓-
mother: .future .diabetes, .higher .chance .of .C-SECTION .
(larger .babies), .miscarriage, .preterm .birth
Babies: .jaundice, .respiratory .distress .syndrome, .higher .birth .weight, .prone .to .o
besity, .preterm .birth, .low .BS .after .birth, .T2DM .later .in .life
indications .for .screening .for .diabetes .- .ANS✓✓--
>45 .years, .if .glucose .A1C .are .within .range, .testing .should .occur .every .3 .years
-BMI .> .25 .
(23 .in .asian .americans) .AND .one: .1st .degree .relative .with .diabetes, .high .risk .po
pulation, .given .birth .to .>9 .pound .baby, .hypertension, .PCOS/GDM, .A1C .> .5.7
what .is .metabolic .syndrome? .- .ANS✓✓-
Simultaneous .presence .of .metabolic .factors .that .increase .risk .for .developing .ty
pe .2 .DM .and .cardiovascular .disease.
features .include:
-waist .circumference .>35 .(F) .or .>40 .(M)
-Blood .glucose .>100 .or .on .diabetes .med
-BP .> .130/85
metabolic .syndrome .increases .the .risk .of .stroke, .CVD, .and .early .death
diabetes .diagnosis .- .ANS✓✓-A1c .>6.5% .
fasting .glucose .>126
answers 2025
How .prevalent .is .diabetes? .- .ANS✓✓--40% .of .hospitalized .pts .have .diabetes
-every .17 .seconds .someone .is .diagnosed
-KY .ranks .8th .in .US
-1 .in .3 .people .have .prediabetes
-16% .of .pregnant .women .in .ky .have .gestational .diabetes
what .is .diabetes? .- .ANS✓✓-
chronic, .complex, .common .disorder .of .metabolism, .mostly .glucose
pancreas
Type .1 .diabetes .(T1DM) .- .ANS✓✓-autoimmune .disorder
pt .do .not .make .insulin, .will .ALWAYS .require .insulin
tx: .insulin .injections .or .pump, .oral .meds .do .not .work .due .to .stomach .acidity
why .would .weight .loss .occur .with .T1DM? .- .ANS✓✓-
the .body .cannot .utilize .glucose .for .energy .due .to .a .lack .of .insulin, .causing .it .to
.break .down .muscle .and .fat .tissue .for .fuel .instead
Type .2 .diabetes .(T2DM) .- .ANS✓✓-
progressive .and .usually .related .to .insulin .resistance .and .deficiency .
tx: .diet, .activity, .stress .management, .diabetes .education, .and .meds
prediabetes .- .ANS✓✓-
precursor .to .T2DM, .once .diagnosed .the .goal .is .to .prevent .T2DM .for .as .long .as .
possible. .
tx: .diet .and .activity .
screening .starts .at .45, .unless .indicated
, what .is .MODY? .- .ANS✓✓-
maturity .onset .diabetes .of .the .young .is .an .inherited .mutation .found .later .in .life.
patients .are .also .prescribed .a .statin .whe .on .metformin .or .other .diabetes .meds.
.Why? .- .ANS✓✓-
Lowers ."bad" .LDL .cholesterol .levels .in .the .blood, .reducing .plaque .buildup .in .a
rteries
side .effects: .muscle .aches
what .is .metformin? .- .ANS✓✓-
first .line .of .defense .for .T2DM. .works .by .lowering .blood .sugar .levels .by .reducin
g .glucose .produced .by .the .liver, .improving .the .body's .sensitivity .to .insulin, .and
.decreasing .the .absorption .of .glucose .from .the .intestines
why .is .CoQ10 .prescribed .as .well? .- .ANS✓✓-
is .an .antioxidant .that .helps .with .cellular .energy .metabolism.
how .does .gestational .diabetes .(GDM) .affect .mother .and .babies? .- .ANS✓✓-
mother: .future .diabetes, .higher .chance .of .C-SECTION .
(larger .babies), .miscarriage, .preterm .birth
Babies: .jaundice, .respiratory .distress .syndrome, .higher .birth .weight, .prone .to .o
besity, .preterm .birth, .low .BS .after .birth, .T2DM .later .in .life
indications .for .screening .for .diabetes .- .ANS✓✓--
>45 .years, .if .glucose .A1C .are .within .range, .testing .should .occur .every .3 .years
-BMI .> .25 .
(23 .in .asian .americans) .AND .one: .1st .degree .relative .with .diabetes, .high .risk .po
pulation, .given .birth .to .>9 .pound .baby, .hypertension, .PCOS/GDM, .A1C .> .5.7
what .is .metabolic .syndrome? .- .ANS✓✓-
Simultaneous .presence .of .metabolic .factors .that .increase .risk .for .developing .ty
pe .2 .DM .and .cardiovascular .disease.
features .include:
-waist .circumference .>35 .(F) .or .>40 .(M)
-Blood .glucose .>100 .or .on .diabetes .med
-BP .> .130/85
metabolic .syndrome .increases .the .risk .of .stroke, .CVD, .and .early .death
diabetes .diagnosis .- .ANS✓✓-A1c .>6.5% .
fasting .glucose .>126
