BIO 227 Lab Exam 2 | Verified with 100% Correct Answers

BIO 227 Lab Exam 2 | Verified with 100% Correct Answers What type of bone cell is the mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix? a. osteoblast b. osteoclast c. osteocyte d. osteoprogenitor cell Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? a. hemopoiesis b. storage of minerals c. structural support d. all of the above are functions The type of bone that contains osteons, characterized by lamellae surrounding central canals, is called ____________ (compact/spongy) bone. Compact Match the description and function listed in column A with the type of bone cell listed in column B. Column A 1. immature cell that lays new bone 2. mature bone cell that maintains the matrix 3. phagocytic cell that breaks down bone 4. stem cell that differentiates into an osteoblast a. Osteoblast b. Osteoclast c. Osteocyte d. osteoprogenitor cell a 1. immature cell that lays new bone c 2. mature bone cell that maintains the matrix b 3. phagocytic cell that breaks down bone d 4. stem cell that differentiates into an osteoblast Number the five functional layers of the epiphyseal plate in the correct order, from diaphyseal side to the epiphyseal side. a. calcified cartilage b. hypertrophic cartilage c. ossification d. proliferating cartilage e. resting cartilage 2 a. calcified cartilage 3 b. hypertrophic cartilage 1 c. ossification 4 d. proliferating cartilage 5 e. resting cartilage Label the components of compact bone on the following diagram. (Check guide) 1) osteon 2) external circumferential lamellae 3) Cellular Layer 4) Fibrous Layer 5) interstitial lamellae 6) Trabeculae of spongy bone 7) Perforating canals 8) central canal 9) concentric lamellae 10) Vein 11) Nerve 12) Artery 13) Canaliculi 14)concentric lamellae 15) Central canal Label the histological components of compact bone on the following diagram. (Check Guide) (Labels from top line to bottom line) 1) Canaliculi 2) Concentric lamellae 3) Central Canal 4) Lacuna Immature cell that lays new bone Osteoblast Mature bone cell that contains the matrix Osteocyte Phagocytic cell that breaks down bone Osteoclasts Stem cell that differentiates into an osteoblast Osteoprogenitor cell Which of the following is/are visible on a slide of decalcified spongy (cancellous) bone? (Check all that apply.) a. bone marrow cavity b. central canal c. osteocyte d. osteon e. perforating canal f. trabecula Which of the following bones undergo endochondral bone development (ossification)? (Check all that apply.) a. femur b. frontal bone c. radius d. temporal bone e. tibia the area where the epiphysis of a developing long bone meets the shaft Metaphysis the end of a long bone epiphysis The shaft of a long bone Diaphysis In mature skeleton, ____________________ (red/yellow) bone marrow fills the medullary cavity of a long bone, and ____________________ (red/yellow) bone marrow is located within the proximal epiphyses of long bones such as the humerus and femur. Yellow Red The outer covering of bone, the periosteum, is composed of which type of connective tissue? (Circle one.) a. cartilage b. dense irregular connective tissue c. elastic connective tissue d. reticular connective tissue Which of the following is the correct classification for a vertebra based on shape? (Circle one.) a. flat b. irregular c. long d. short The humerus is classified as a ____________________ bone. Long bone The tarsal bone is classified as a ____________... Short bone The cervical vertebra is classified as a_________... Irregular bone The parietal bone is classified as a___________. Flat bone The radius is classified as a______________. Long bone The sphenoid bone is classified as a_________. Irregular bone The scapula is classified as a _________ bone. Flat bone The ribs are classified as bones of the axial skeleton. _______________ (True/False) True The bones composing the appendicular skeleton include the upper limb bones, lower limb bones, and vertebrae. _____________ (True/False) False The carpal bone is classified as a ________. Short bone The ethmoid bone is classified as a _________. Irregular bone The femur is classified as a ______________. Long bone The frontal bone is classified as a __________. Flat bone Which of the following is the outer covering of bone that serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments? (Circle one.) a. articular cartilage b. medullary cavity c. periosteum Which of the following bone(s) is/are part of the axial skeleton? (Check all that apply.) a. pubis b. rib c. scapula d. skull e. sternum Which of the following bones compose the os coxae? (Check all that apply.) a. coccyx b. ilium c. ischium b. Ilium The pectoral girdle consists of the scapula and clavicle, and the pelvic girdle consists of the os coxae. ______________ (True/False) True You are a biomedical researcher who is interested in designing a drug to increase bone density. You have decided you can take one of two approaches: (1) design a drug that stimulates bone to be built faster, or (2) design a drug that prevents bone from breaking down. To begin this process, you need to study the cells that would likely respond to either drug 1 or drug 2. What cells are these? Osteoblasts are cells that build new bone, osteocytes are cells that maintain existing bone. What process must stop in order for the epiphyseal plate to close? (That is, which layer of the plate must stop its development first?) Cartilage proliferation