NU 674 MIDTERM EXAM W ITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Primordial |prevention |- |ANSWER |type |of |prevention |that |is |
population/environment | focused |(ex: | wearing |seatbelt, | safe | water |
testing)
primary |prevention |- |ANSWER |type |of |prevention |that |prevents |a |
disease |from |occurring |(vaccination, |health |promotion, |teeth |
brushing)
secondary |prevention |- |ANSWER |type |of |prevention |that |
emphasizes |early |disease |detection, |target |populations |for |at |risk |
diseases |(mammography, |colonoscopy, |pap |smear)
tertiary |prevention |- |ANSWER |type |of |prevention |that |is |implemented |
in |already |symptomatic |patients, |aims |to |reduce |the |severity |of |
disease |(routine |check |ups, |DM |mgmt |teaching)
quaternary |prevention |- |ANSWER |type |of |prevention |that |identifies |
patients |at |risk |of |over |medicalization |(pt |advocacy, |prevent |
unnecessary |treatments/tests)
USPSTF |(U.S. |preventative |service |task |force) |- |ANSWER |
organization |in |which |NPs |can |find |guidelines |to |follow |for |practice
AAFP |(American |Academy |of |Family |Physicians) |- |ANSWER |
organization |responsible |for |reviewing |the |USPSTF |guidelines
3-5years |- |ANSWER |patients |over |the |age |of |20 |should |have |CVD |risk |
assessment |how |often?
18-25 |- | ANSWER |considered | normal | BMI
,DM |- |ANSWER |adults |with |HTN, |HLD |or |age |40-70 |with |BMI |>25 |you |
should |be |screening |for |what |other |disease?
annually | - | ANSWER | how | often | should | a | women | over | 40 | get | a |
mammogram?
every |3 |years |- |ANSWER |how |often |should |women |between |age |21-29 |
get |a |pap |smear?
age |50 |(then |every |10 |years |from |then) |- |ANSWER |what |age |do |you |
start |screening |for |colon |cancer? |(colonoscopy)
50 |- |ANSWER |men |should |consider |screening |for |prostate |cancer |at |
what |age?
a |PPSV23 |dose |1 |year |later |- |ANSWER |pts |over |the |age |of |65 |who |have |
no |previously |gotten |pneumococcal |vax |need |wither |1 |dose |of |PCV15 |
or |1 |dose |of |PCV20 |- |additionally, |what |else |do |they |need |if |given |the |
PCV15 |dose?
hep |C |- |ANSWER |specifically |for |patients |born |in |the |USA |
between |1945-1965, |what |do |you |need |to |screen |for?
COVID |19 |- |ANSWER |cough, |fever, |myalgia, |headache, |dyspnea, |sore |
throat, |dysgeusia, |anosmia, |maculopapular |rash, |and |discoloration |of |
fingers/toes |are |sx |of:
mild |illness |- |ANSWER |pts |with |covid |that |have |fever, |cough, |sore |
throat, |malaise, |headache, |N/V/D, |anosmia, |ageusia |but |do |NOT |have |
SOB, |dyspnea |or |abnormal |chest |imaging |are |classified |as |having
moderate |illness |- |ANSWER |pts |with |covid |that |show |evidence |of |lower |
respiratory |disease |during |clinical |assessment |or |with |imagine |AND |
who |have |SpO2 |>94% |on |room |are |are |classified |as |having
,severe | illness | - | ANSWER | pts | with | covid | that | have | SpO2 | of | <94% | on | room |
air,
RR | >30, | or | lung | infiltration | >50% | are | classified | as | having
critical |illness |- |ANSWER |pts |with |covid |that |have |respiratory |failure, |
septic |shock, |and |multiple |organ |dysfunction |are |classified |as |having
consolidating |and |ground |glass |opacities |bilaterally |- |ANSWER |CXR |for
|covid |will |show:
renal |function |- |ANSWER |what |is |important |to |check |prior |to |
prescribing |Paxlovid
GFR | between | 30-60 | - | half | the | dose | of | nirmatrelvir
GFR |<30 |do |NOT |given |Paxlovid |- |ANSWER |Paxlovid |treatment |
recommendations |for |those |with |renal |impairment
Paxlovid |- |ANSWER |which |Covid |medication |is |proven |safe |for |
pregnant |women
3 |day |IV |course: |day |1 |200mg, |day |2 |and |3 |100mg; |must |be |given |within
|7 |days |of |symptom |onset |- |ANSWER |Remdesivir |outpt |dosing
elevated |LFTs, |increase |in |PTT, |GI |effects, |hypersensitivity |- |ANSWER |
adverse |reactions |to |Remdesivir
older |than |12yrs |and |weigh |more |than |40kg |- |ANSWER |to |receive |
Paxlovid |and |Remdesivir, |you |have |to |be | old |and | wt
800 |mg |BID |x5 |days, |have |to |be |older |than |18, |treatment |needs |to |be |
initiated |within |5 |days |sx |onset, |only |used |when |Paxlovid |and |
remdesivir |are |not |available |- |ANSWER |Molnopiravir |dosing |
considerations:
molnupiravir | - | ANSWER | covid | drug | that | should | NOT | be | used | in |
pregnancy | as
, it |can |cause |fetal |toxicity, |should |educate |females |and |males |to |
abstain |from |sex |or |use |reliable |contraceptives
MIS-C |(Multisystem |Inflammatory |Syndrome |in |Children) |- |ANSWER |
rare |but |associated |complication |of |covid |in |children |that |causes |
shock, |red/swollen |lips, |strawberry |tongue, |myocardial |dysfunction, |
arrhythmia, |acute |resp |failure, |AKI, |hepatitis
AOM, |sinusitis, |streptococcal |pharyngitis, |PNA |- |ANSWER |the |only |
common |respiratory |infections |that |should |be |treated |with |antibiotics
<6yrs | - | ANSWER | should | not | prescribe | cough/cold | meds | to | kids | ages
>1yr | - | ANSWER | honey | should | only | be | used | for | cough | tx | in | kids | ages
influenza |- |ANSWER |myalgias, |fever, |chills, |sweats, |cough, |N/V/D, |
decreased |pulm |function, |loss |of |appetite, |nonpurulent |conjunctivitis,
|muscle |pain |without |palpation, |pharyngeal |erythema |with |sx |
beginning |within |48-72 |hours |of |exposure |are |signs |of:
>6mo
>2yrs | - | ANSWER | when | is | it | safe | to | get | the | flu | vaccine | IM? | Intranasl?
hospitalized, |outpt |at |risk |for |hospitalization, |<2yrs |old, |>65yrs |old, |or |
pregnant |- |ANSWER |antiviral |therapy |for |the |flu |should |be |started |in |
who
75mg |x10 |days |- |ANSWER |prophylactic |dosing |of |Tamiflu |
(olseltamivir) |75mg |BID |x5days
GI |toxicity |- |ANSWER |dosing |for |Tamiflu |in |patients |with |active |flu? |
main |side |effect?
1 | inhalation | BID | x5 | days
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Primordial |prevention |- |ANSWER |type |of |prevention |that |is |
population/environment | focused |(ex: | wearing |seatbelt, | safe | water |
testing)
primary |prevention |- |ANSWER |type |of |prevention |that |prevents |a |
disease |from |occurring |(vaccination, |health |promotion, |teeth |
brushing)
secondary |prevention |- |ANSWER |type |of |prevention |that |
emphasizes |early |disease |detection, |target |populations |for |at |risk |
diseases |(mammography, |colonoscopy, |pap |smear)
tertiary |prevention |- |ANSWER |type |of |prevention |that |is |implemented |
in |already |symptomatic |patients, |aims |to |reduce |the |severity |of |
disease |(routine |check |ups, |DM |mgmt |teaching)
quaternary |prevention |- |ANSWER |type |of |prevention |that |identifies |
patients |at |risk |of |over |medicalization |(pt |advocacy, |prevent |
unnecessary |treatments/tests)
USPSTF |(U.S. |preventative |service |task |force) |- |ANSWER |
organization |in |which |NPs |can |find |guidelines |to |follow |for |practice
AAFP |(American |Academy |of |Family |Physicians) |- |ANSWER |
organization |responsible |for |reviewing |the |USPSTF |guidelines
3-5years |- |ANSWER |patients |over |the |age |of |20 |should |have |CVD |risk |
assessment |how |often?
18-25 |- | ANSWER |considered | normal | BMI
,DM |- |ANSWER |adults |with |HTN, |HLD |or |age |40-70 |with |BMI |>25 |you |
should |be |screening |for |what |other |disease?
annually | - | ANSWER | how | often | should | a | women | over | 40 | get | a |
mammogram?
every |3 |years |- |ANSWER |how |often |should |women |between |age |21-29 |
get |a |pap |smear?
age |50 |(then |every |10 |years |from |then) |- |ANSWER |what |age |do |you |
start |screening |for |colon |cancer? |(colonoscopy)
50 |- |ANSWER |men |should |consider |screening |for |prostate |cancer |at |
what |age?
a |PPSV23 |dose |1 |year |later |- |ANSWER |pts |over |the |age |of |65 |who |have |
no |previously |gotten |pneumococcal |vax |need |wither |1 |dose |of |PCV15 |
or |1 |dose |of |PCV20 |- |additionally, |what |else |do |they |need |if |given |the |
PCV15 |dose?
hep |C |- |ANSWER |specifically |for |patients |born |in |the |USA |
between |1945-1965, |what |do |you |need |to |screen |for?
COVID |19 |- |ANSWER |cough, |fever, |myalgia, |headache, |dyspnea, |sore |
throat, |dysgeusia, |anosmia, |maculopapular |rash, |and |discoloration |of |
fingers/toes |are |sx |of:
mild |illness |- |ANSWER |pts |with |covid |that |have |fever, |cough, |sore |
throat, |malaise, |headache, |N/V/D, |anosmia, |ageusia |but |do |NOT |have |
SOB, |dyspnea |or |abnormal |chest |imaging |are |classified |as |having
moderate |illness |- |ANSWER |pts |with |covid |that |show |evidence |of |lower |
respiratory |disease |during |clinical |assessment |or |with |imagine |AND |
who |have |SpO2 |>94% |on |room |are |are |classified |as |having
,severe | illness | - | ANSWER | pts | with | covid | that | have | SpO2 | of | <94% | on | room |
air,
RR | >30, | or | lung | infiltration | >50% | are | classified | as | having
critical |illness |- |ANSWER |pts |with |covid |that |have |respiratory |failure, |
septic |shock, |and |multiple |organ |dysfunction |are |classified |as |having
consolidating |and |ground |glass |opacities |bilaterally |- |ANSWER |CXR |for
|covid |will |show:
renal |function |- |ANSWER |what |is |important |to |check |prior |to |
prescribing |Paxlovid
GFR | between | 30-60 | - | half | the | dose | of | nirmatrelvir
GFR |<30 |do |NOT |given |Paxlovid |- |ANSWER |Paxlovid |treatment |
recommendations |for |those |with |renal |impairment
Paxlovid |- |ANSWER |which |Covid |medication |is |proven |safe |for |
pregnant |women
3 |day |IV |course: |day |1 |200mg, |day |2 |and |3 |100mg; |must |be |given |within
|7 |days |of |symptom |onset |- |ANSWER |Remdesivir |outpt |dosing
elevated |LFTs, |increase |in |PTT, |GI |effects, |hypersensitivity |- |ANSWER |
adverse |reactions |to |Remdesivir
older |than |12yrs |and |weigh |more |than |40kg |- |ANSWER |to |receive |
Paxlovid |and |Remdesivir, |you |have |to |be | old |and | wt
800 |mg |BID |x5 |days, |have |to |be |older |than |18, |treatment |needs |to |be |
initiated |within |5 |days |sx |onset, |only |used |when |Paxlovid |and |
remdesivir |are |not |available |- |ANSWER |Molnopiravir |dosing |
considerations:
molnupiravir | - | ANSWER | covid | drug | that | should | NOT | be | used | in |
pregnancy | as
, it |can |cause |fetal |toxicity, |should |educate |females |and |males |to |
abstain |from |sex |or |use |reliable |contraceptives
MIS-C |(Multisystem |Inflammatory |Syndrome |in |Children) |- |ANSWER |
rare |but |associated |complication |of |covid |in |children |that |causes |
shock, |red/swollen |lips, |strawberry |tongue, |myocardial |dysfunction, |
arrhythmia, |acute |resp |failure, |AKI, |hepatitis
AOM, |sinusitis, |streptococcal |pharyngitis, |PNA |- |ANSWER |the |only |
common |respiratory |infections |that |should |be |treated |with |antibiotics
<6yrs | - | ANSWER | should | not | prescribe | cough/cold | meds | to | kids | ages
>1yr | - | ANSWER | honey | should | only | be | used | for | cough | tx | in | kids | ages
influenza |- |ANSWER |myalgias, |fever, |chills, |sweats, |cough, |N/V/D, |
decreased |pulm |function, |loss |of |appetite, |nonpurulent |conjunctivitis,
|muscle |pain |without |palpation, |pharyngeal |erythema |with |sx |
beginning |within |48-72 |hours |of |exposure |are |signs |of:
>6mo
>2yrs | - | ANSWER | when | is | it | safe | to | get | the | flu | vaccine | IM? | Intranasl?
hospitalized, |outpt |at |risk |for |hospitalization, |<2yrs |old, |>65yrs |old, |or |
pregnant |- |ANSWER |antiviral |therapy |for |the |flu |should |be |started |in |
who
75mg |x10 |days |- |ANSWER |prophylactic |dosing |of |Tamiflu |
(olseltamivir) |75mg |BID |x5days
GI |toxicity |- |ANSWER |dosing |for |Tamiflu |in |patients |with |active |flu? |
main |side |effect?
1 | inhalation | BID | x5 | days
