PART 1
b
Module 1 b
Course Roadmap: Overview and Objectives
b b b b
Virginia Wiseman Lilan
b b
i Kumaranayake Lorna
b b b
Guinness
, Module 1 b
Course Roadmap: Overview and Objectives
b b b b
Topics
1. Courseb Aimsb andb Objectives........................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Objectives.......................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Economics......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Healthb Careb Financingb inb Low-b andb Middle-incomeb Countries............................. 6
3. Learningb Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 9
3.1 Aims..................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Objectives.......................................................................................................................................... 9
4. Courseb Structure ................................................................................................................................ 10
5. Globalb Healthb Outcomes ................................................................................................................ 12
6. Globalb Healthb Disparities:b Ab Closerb Lookb atb Childb Healthb Outcomes ................... 14
7. Theb Goalb ofb Universalb Coverage ................................................................................................ 22
8. Challengesb Facingb Healthb Systems........................................................................................... 23
9. Roadmapb ofb theb Course .................................................................................................................. 26
10. Summaryb ofb Module ..................................................................................................................... 30
Readingsb andb References ................................................................................................................... 31
Readings ....................................................................................................................... 31
References .................................................................................................................... 31
Glossary....................................................................................................................................................... 33
, CoursebRoadmap:bOverviewbandbObjectives
1. Courseb Aimsb andb Objectives
Thebprimarybgoalbofbtheb“HealthbEconomicsbandbFinancing”bcoursebisbtobprovidebparticip
antsbwithbthebknowledge,bskillsbandbbasicbeconomicbargumentsbthatbarebcentralb tob discu
ssionsb aboutb healthb policyb optionsb andb choicesb inb developingb countries.
1.1 Objectives
Afterbworkingbthroughbthisbcourse,byoubshouldbbebablebto:
• explainbthebkeybeconomicbconceptsbandbprinciplesbrelevantbtobhealthbfinancing
b andbprovision
• understandb theb mainb functionsb ofb healthb systemsb andb theb specificb challenge
sbfacingbsuchbsystemsbinbdevelopingbcountries
• critiquebdifferentbtoolsbforbmeasuringbequitybandbefficiencybandbunderstandbho
wbtheybcanbbebusedbtobguidebhealthbpolicybandbprogramming
• demonstratebknowledgebandbunderstandingbofbabdiversebrangebofbinternationa
lbandbnationalbhealthbpolicies,bincludingbcurrentbandbemergingbtrends
• applyb theb necessaryb economicb conceptsb andb skillsb tob formulateb andb evaluat
ebhealthbpoliciesbandbplansbfrombanbequitybandbefficiencybperspective
• showbwrittenbandbverbalbcompetencebinbconsolidatingbandbcriticallybappraisin
gbdebatesbrelevantbtobhealthbpolicybandbhealthbfinancing.
CoursebAimsbandbObjectives 1-4
, CoursebRoadmap:bOverviewbandbObjectives
2. Overview
Howbtobreadbthisbmodule
Inbthisbfirstbmodule,bwebreviewbcurrentblevelsbofbglobalbhealthboutcomesbasbwel
lbasbkeybchallengesbfacedbbybhealthbsystemsbinbimprovingbequity.bThebmoduleb
thenbpresentsbabroadmapbforbthebcourse,bintroducingbthebrestbofbthebmodules.b
Thebaimbofbthebroadmapbisbtobshowbyoubhowbthebmodulesbandbtheirblearningbo
bjectivesbarebrelated.
Inb thisb moduleb thereb threeb ‘Reflection’b activitiesb inb Sectionsb 6.1,b 6.2b andb 8.
2.1 Economics
Let’sbbeginbbybtakingbabmomentbtobthinkbaboutbwhatbeconomicsbbringsbtobthebdiscus
sionbofbhealthbandbhealthbcarebfinancing.bEconomicsbstartsbfrombthebbasicbpremisebthatbr
esourcesbarebscarcebbutbwantsbarebunlimited.bChoicesbthereforebneedbtobbebmadebinbt
heballocationbofbthosebresources.bThisbprinciplebofbscarcitybisbatbthebcorebofballbareasbof
beconomicsbincludingbhealthbeconomics.
Healthbeconomicsbisbthereforebaboutbhowbscarcebhealthbcarebresourcesbcanbbeballoca
tedbtobgetbthebmostbfrombthesebresources.bItbisbaboutbmakingbchoicesbtobemploybresou
rcesbinbabwaybthatbmaximisesbabchosenbobjective.
Inbthebhealthbsector,bthisbobjectivebisboftenbtobimprovebhealthbstatusbandbservicebdeliveryb
usingbtheblimitedbresourcesbavailable,bbutbitbcouldbjustbasbeasilybbebaboutballocatingbreso
urcesb inb abwayb thatbmaximisesb accessbtob orb utilisationb ofbqualitybhealthb care.b Youbwillb
learnbthatbeconomicsbcanbhelpbaddressbquestionsbaboutbbothbefficiencybandbequity,baltho
ughbsometimesbtherebarebtrade-offsbbetweenbthesebtwobgoals.
Healthbcarebfinancingbisbabmajorbfocusbofbhealthbeconomicsbandbisbimportantbinbanalysi
ngbhealthbpolicies,bsourcesbofbfundsbandbthebeffectivenessbofbhealthbservicesbdeliveredbtob
differentbpopulations.bHealthbcarebfinancingbisbnotbonlybthebconcernbofbeconomistsb butb o
fb allb thoseb involvedb inb theb planning,b managementb andbdeliveryb ofbhealthbservicesband
bprogrammes.bInbfact,btheballocationbofbhealthbcarebresourcesbaffectsbeveryoneb andb sob ev
eryoneb hasb reasonb forb wantingb tob knowb moreb aboutb it!
Economicbthinkingbhasbcontributedbtobmanybmajorbhealthbsectorbreforms.bForbexample
,bmultilateralbagenciesbhavebbeenbaimingbtobredefinebthebrelationshipbbetweenbthebsta
tebandbthebprivatebsector,btobpromotebslimmerbgovernmentbservicesbandbencouragebi
ncreasedbengagementbofbthebprivatebsector.bAbgrowingbnumberbofbcountriesbarebusing
beconomicbtechniquesbtobprioritisebhealthbcarebspendingbandbtobevaluatebnewbhealthbcare
btechnologies.
Overview 1-5
b
Module 1 b
Course Roadmap: Overview and Objectives
b b b b
Virginia Wiseman Lilan
b b
i Kumaranayake Lorna
b b b
Guinness
, Module 1 b
Course Roadmap: Overview and Objectives
b b b b
Topics
1. Courseb Aimsb andb Objectives........................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Objectives.......................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Economics......................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Healthb Careb Financingb inb Low-b andb Middle-incomeb Countries............................. 6
3. Learningb Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 9
3.1 Aims..................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Objectives.......................................................................................................................................... 9
4. Courseb Structure ................................................................................................................................ 10
5. Globalb Healthb Outcomes ................................................................................................................ 12
6. Globalb Healthb Disparities:b Ab Closerb Lookb atb Childb Healthb Outcomes ................... 14
7. Theb Goalb ofb Universalb Coverage ................................................................................................ 22
8. Challengesb Facingb Healthb Systems........................................................................................... 23
9. Roadmapb ofb theb Course .................................................................................................................. 26
10. Summaryb ofb Module ..................................................................................................................... 30
Readingsb andb References ................................................................................................................... 31
Readings ....................................................................................................................... 31
References .................................................................................................................... 31
Glossary....................................................................................................................................................... 33
, CoursebRoadmap:bOverviewbandbObjectives
1. Courseb Aimsb andb Objectives
Thebprimarybgoalbofbtheb“HealthbEconomicsbandbFinancing”bcoursebisbtobprovidebparticip
antsbwithbthebknowledge,bskillsbandbbasicbeconomicbargumentsbthatbarebcentralb tob discu
ssionsb aboutb healthb policyb optionsb andb choicesb inb developingb countries.
1.1 Objectives
Afterbworkingbthroughbthisbcourse,byoubshouldbbebablebto:
• explainbthebkeybeconomicbconceptsbandbprinciplesbrelevantbtobhealthbfinancing
b andbprovision
• understandb theb mainb functionsb ofb healthb systemsb andb theb specificb challenge
sbfacingbsuchbsystemsbinbdevelopingbcountries
• critiquebdifferentbtoolsbforbmeasuringbequitybandbefficiencybandbunderstandbho
wbtheybcanbbebusedbtobguidebhealthbpolicybandbprogramming
• demonstratebknowledgebandbunderstandingbofbabdiversebrangebofbinternationa
lbandbnationalbhealthbpolicies,bincludingbcurrentbandbemergingbtrends
• applyb theb necessaryb economicb conceptsb andb skillsb tob formulateb andb evaluat
ebhealthbpoliciesbandbplansbfrombanbequitybandbefficiencybperspective
• showbwrittenbandbverbalbcompetencebinbconsolidatingbandbcriticallybappraisin
gbdebatesbrelevantbtobhealthbpolicybandbhealthbfinancing.
CoursebAimsbandbObjectives 1-4
, CoursebRoadmap:bOverviewbandbObjectives
2. Overview
Howbtobreadbthisbmodule
Inbthisbfirstbmodule,bwebreviewbcurrentblevelsbofbglobalbhealthboutcomesbasbwel
lbasbkeybchallengesbfacedbbybhealthbsystemsbinbimprovingbequity.bThebmoduleb
thenbpresentsbabroadmapbforbthebcourse,bintroducingbthebrestbofbthebmodules.b
Thebaimbofbthebroadmapbisbtobshowbyoubhowbthebmodulesbandbtheirblearningbo
bjectivesbarebrelated.
Inb thisb moduleb thereb threeb ‘Reflection’b activitiesb inb Sectionsb 6.1,b 6.2b andb 8.
2.1 Economics
Let’sbbeginbbybtakingbabmomentbtobthinkbaboutbwhatbeconomicsbbringsbtobthebdiscus
sionbofbhealthbandbhealthbcarebfinancing.bEconomicsbstartsbfrombthebbasicbpremisebthatbr
esourcesbarebscarcebbutbwantsbarebunlimited.bChoicesbthereforebneedbtobbebmadebinbt
heballocationbofbthosebresources.bThisbprinciplebofbscarcitybisbatbthebcorebofballbareasbof
beconomicsbincludingbhealthbeconomics.
Healthbeconomicsbisbthereforebaboutbhowbscarcebhealthbcarebresourcesbcanbbeballoca
tedbtobgetbthebmostbfrombthesebresources.bItbisbaboutbmakingbchoicesbtobemploybresou
rcesbinbabwaybthatbmaximisesbabchosenbobjective.
Inbthebhealthbsector,bthisbobjectivebisboftenbtobimprovebhealthbstatusbandbservicebdeliveryb
usingbtheblimitedbresourcesbavailable,bbutbitbcouldbjustbasbeasilybbebaboutballocatingbreso
urcesb inb abwayb thatbmaximisesb accessbtob orb utilisationb ofbqualitybhealthb care.b Youbwillb
learnbthatbeconomicsbcanbhelpbaddressbquestionsbaboutbbothbefficiencybandbequity,baltho
ughbsometimesbtherebarebtrade-offsbbetweenbthesebtwobgoals.
Healthbcarebfinancingbisbabmajorbfocusbofbhealthbeconomicsbandbisbimportantbinbanalysi
ngbhealthbpolicies,bsourcesbofbfundsbandbthebeffectivenessbofbhealthbservicesbdeliveredbtob
differentbpopulations.bHealthbcarebfinancingbisbnotbonlybthebconcernbofbeconomistsb butb o
fb allb thoseb involvedb inb theb planning,b managementb andbdeliveryb ofbhealthbservicesband
bprogrammes.bInbfact,btheballocationbofbhealthbcarebresourcesbaffectsbeveryoneb andb sob ev
eryoneb hasb reasonb forb wantingb tob knowb moreb aboutb it!
Economicbthinkingbhasbcontributedbtobmanybmajorbhealthbsectorbreforms.bForbexample
,bmultilateralbagenciesbhavebbeenbaimingbtobredefinebthebrelationshipbbetweenbthebsta
tebandbthebprivatebsector,btobpromotebslimmerbgovernmentbservicesbandbencouragebi
ncreasedbengagementbofbthebprivatebsector.bAbgrowingbnumberbofbcountriesbarebusing
beconomicbtechniquesbtobprioritisebhealthbcarebspendingbandbtobevaluatebnewbhealthbcare
btechnologies.
Overview 1-5
