TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Chapter01: History of Massage: PrehistoricTimesto the ModernEra, and
l l l l l l l l l l l
ProfessionalSocieties,Organizations,and Associations l l l l
Salvo: Massage Therapy,6th Edition
l l l l
MULTIPLE CHOICE l
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for therape
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
utic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
l l l l
a. Acupuncture
lll
b. Ayurveda
lll
c. Polarity therapy
lll l
d. Massage therapy
lll l
ANS: D ll
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for therap
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
eutic, palliative, and recreational purposes.
l l l l
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
lll l l l l l l l
a. Mashesh lll
b. Masso c. lll l lll
Masser d. l lll
Makeh
ANS: B ll
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l
a. 1600s b. lll l l
1700s c. 1
ll l lll
800s d. 19 l lll
00s
ANS: C ll
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-
l l l l l l l l l l l
based cultures. Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or simply
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
rubbing.
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l
a. India lll
b. China c. lll l lll
Egypt d. G l lll
reece
ANS: B ll
Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
l l l l l l l l l l
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l
a. Tao Te Ching
lll l l
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b. Nei Ching
lll l
c. Ayur-Veda
lll
d. Corpus Hippocraticum
lll l
ANS: B ll
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the Yellow Emp
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
eror (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine known as
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work contains detailed descripti
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ons of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
l l l l l l l l
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic therapi
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
es?
a. Polarity
lll
b. Shiatsu
lll
c. Acupuncture
lll
d. Amma
lll
ANS: D ll
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese thera
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
pies, manual and energetic.
l l l
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
lll l l l l l l l
a. Ayurveda
lll
b. Shiatsu c.
lll l ll
Amma d. P
l l lll
olarity
ANS: A ll
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the Ayur-
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable healing proc
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
edure.
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressure of the t
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
humbs, elbows, and other parts of the body? l l l l l l l
a. Ayurveda
lll
b. Shiatsu
lll
c. Massage
lll
d. Amma
lll
ANS: B ll
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as acupun
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
cture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu therapis
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ts use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and feet.
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
lll l l l l l l l l l l
a. Galen b.
lll l lll
Celsus c. R l lll
hazes
d. Hippocrates
lll
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, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: D ll
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or “rubbing.” His works are collectively
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
l l l l l l l l l l l l
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of moder
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
n Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to patients.
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
and the West? l l
a. Rhazes
lll
b. Celsus
lll
c. Avicenna
lll
d. Hippocrates
lll
ANS: C ll
A text entitled
l l ll
or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (98
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
0-
1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the histor
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
y of medicine in both the East and the West.
l l l l l l l l l
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
a. Paré lll
b. Harvey
lll
c. Galenlll
d. Mezger
lll
ANS: A ll
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Ambroise Paré (1515- l l
1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest individuals in this era to disc
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
uss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat dislocated joints and other orthopedic
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
conditions.
l
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular contra
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ction of the heart? l l l
a. Paré lll
b. Galenlll
c. Harvey
lll
d. Mezger
lll
ANS: C ll
English scientist William Harvey (1578– l l l l
1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628. Harvey observed the hearts of living animals a
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
nd determined that muscular contraction
l l l l
(systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins. This discovery enhanced the acceptance of mass
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
age as a therapeutic measure.
l l l l
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l
a. Johann Mezger
lll l
b. Pehr H. Ling
lll l l
c. George Henry Taylor
lll l l
d. John Harvey Kellogg
lll l l
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: B ll
Ling developed his own system of medical or Swedish gymnastics and exercise, known as the
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Ling System, Swedish Movements, or Swedish Movement Cure. The term Swedish massage
l l l l l l l l l l l
was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s system.
l l l l l l l l l
14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
lll l l l l l l l l
a. Shiatsu
lll
b. Ayurveda
lll
c. Thai massage
lll l
d. Swedish massage
lll l
ANS: D ll
The term “Swedish massage” was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s system. For th
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
is reason, Ling is often regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
l l l l l l l l l l l
15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to describe massa
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ge techniques?
l
a. Johann Mezger b.
lll l l lll
William Harvey c. P l l lll
ehr H. Ling l l
d. Charles Taylor
lll l
ANS: A ll
The Dutch physician Johann Mezger (1838–
l l l l l
1909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still used to describe massage tech
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
niques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) that are currently used in massage legislation and
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
massage curricula. French was the international language in the nineteenth century.
l l l l l l l l l l
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l
a. Tiffany Field
lll l
b. Florence Nightingale
lll l
c. Charles Fayette Taylor
lll l l
d. John Harvey Kellogg
lll l l
ANS: B ll
Florence Nightingale (1829- l l
1910) from England was the founder of modern nursing. She assumed patient care in hospitals i
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
n Turkey during the Crimean War (1853-
l l l l l l
1856). She developed a standard of care for soldiers, which massage was an integral part of.
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
17. French physician Lucas-
lll l l
Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers injured during which event? l l l l l l l l l l l
a. World War I b.
lll l l l lll
World War II c. Ci l l l lll
vil War l
d. Viet Nam War
lll l l
ANS: A ll
World War I provided countless opportunities for the use of massage and exercise to rehabili
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
tate injured soldiers. French physician Just Lucas-Championniere (1843-
l l l l l l l
1913) advocated for the use of massage and passive movements to treat soft tissue injuries, p
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
articularly fractures. l
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Chapter01: History of Massage: PrehistoricTimesto the ModernEra, and
l l l l l l l l l l l
ProfessionalSocieties,Organizations,and Associations l l l l
Salvo: Massage Therapy,6th Edition
l l l l
MULTIPLE CHOICE l
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for therape
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
utic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
l l l l
a. Acupuncture
lll
b. Ayurveda
lll
c. Polarity therapy
lll l
d. Massage therapy
lll l
ANS: D ll
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for therap
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
eutic, palliative, and recreational purposes.
l l l l
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
lll l l l l l l l
a. Mashesh lll
b. Masso c. lll l lll
Masser d. l lll
Makeh
ANS: B ll
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
l l l l l
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l
a. 1600s b. lll l l
1700s c. 1
ll l lll
800s d. 19 l lll
00s
ANS: C ll
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-
l l l l l l l l l l l
based cultures. Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or simply
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
rubbing.
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l
a. India lll
b. China c. lll l lll
Egypt d. G l lll
reece
ANS: B ll
Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
l l l l l l l l l l
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l
a. Tao Te Ching
lll l l
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
b. Nei Ching
lll l
c. Ayur-Veda
lll
d. Corpus Hippocraticum
lll l
ANS: B ll
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the Yellow Emp
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
eror (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine known as
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work contains detailed descripti
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ons of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
l l l l l l l l
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic therapi
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
es?
a. Polarity
lll
b. Shiatsu
lll
c. Acupuncture
lll
d. Amma
lll
ANS: D ll
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese thera
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
pies, manual and energetic.
l l l
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
lll l l l l l l l
a. Ayurveda
lll
b. Shiatsu c.
lll l ll
Amma d. P
l l lll
olarity
ANS: A ll
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the Ayur-
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable healing proc
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
edure.
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressure of the t
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
humbs, elbows, and other parts of the body? l l l l l l l
a. Ayurveda
lll
b. Shiatsu
lll
c. Massage
lll
d. Amma
lll
ANS: B ll
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as acupun
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
cture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu therapis
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ts use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and feet.
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
lll l l l l l l l l l l
a. Galen b.
lll l lll
Celsus c. R l lll
hazes
d. Hippocrates
lll
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: D ll
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or “rubbing.” His works are collectively
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
l l l l l l l l l l l l
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of moder
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
n Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to patients.
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
and the West? l l
a. Rhazes
lll
b. Celsus
lll
c. Avicenna
lll
d. Hippocrates
lll
ANS: C ll
A text entitled
l l ll
or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (98
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
0-
1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the histor
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
y of medicine in both the East and the West.
l l l l l l l l l
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
a. Paré lll
b. Harvey
lll
c. Galenlll
d. Mezger
lll
ANS: A ll
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Ambroise Paré (1515- l l
1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest individuals in this era to disc
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
uss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat dislocated joints and other orthopedic
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
conditions.
l
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular contra
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ction of the heart? l l l
a. Paré lll
b. Galenlll
c. Harvey
lll
d. Mezger
lll
ANS: C ll
English scientist William Harvey (1578– l l l l
1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628. Harvey observed the hearts of living animals a
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
nd determined that muscular contraction
l l l l
(systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins. This discovery enhanced the acceptance of mass
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
age as a therapeutic measure.
l l l l
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l
a. Johann Mezger
lll l
b. Pehr H. Ling
lll l l
c. George Henry Taylor
lll l l
d. John Harvey Kellogg
lll l l
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: B ll
Ling developed his own system of medical or Swedish gymnastics and exercise, known as the
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Ling System, Swedish Movements, or Swedish Movement Cure. The term Swedish massage
l l l l l l l l l l l
was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s system.
l l l l l l l l l
14. Which term describes a component of the Ling System?
lll l l l l l l l l
a. Shiatsu
lll
b. Ayurveda
lll
c. Thai massage
lll l
d. Swedish massage
lll l
ANS: D ll
The term “Swedish massage” was used to describe the massage component of Ling’s system. For th
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
is reason, Ling is often regarded as the father of Swedish massage.
l l l l l l l l l l l
15. Which individual is credited with having introduced French terms still in use to describe massa
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
ge techniques?
l
a. Johann Mezger b.
lll l l lll
William Harvey c. P l l lll
ehr H. Ling l l
d. Charles Taylor
lll l
ANS: A ll
The Dutch physician Johann Mezger (1838–
l l l l l
1909) is credited with having introduced the French terminology still used to describe massage tech
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
niques (e.g., effleurage, pétrissage, tapotement) that are currently used in massage legislation and
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
massage curricula. French was the international language in the nineteenth century.
l l l l l l l l l l
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
16. Who is the founder of modern nursing, which included massage as part of care?
lll l l l l l l l l l l l l l
a. Tiffany Field
lll l
b. Florence Nightingale
lll l
c. Charles Fayette Taylor
lll l l
d. John Harvey Kellogg
lll l l
ANS: B ll
Florence Nightingale (1829- l l
1910) from England was the founder of modern nursing. She assumed patient care in hospitals i
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
n Turkey during the Crimean War (1853-
l l l l l l
1856). She developed a standard of care for soldiers, which massage was an integral part of.
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
17. French physician Lucas-
lll l l
Championniere used massage and exercise to treat soldiers injured during which event? l l l l l l l l l l l
a. World War I b.
lll l l l lll
World War II c. Ci l l l lll
vil War l
d. Viet Nam War
lll l l
ANS: A ll
World War I provided countless opportunities for the use of massage and exercise to rehabili
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
tate injured soldiers. French physician Just Lucas-Championniere (1843-
l l l l l l l
1913) advocated for the use of massage and passive movements to treat soft tissue injuries, p
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
articularly fractures. l
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
