NUSCTX 10, Midterm 1 - UC Berkeley
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Anabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Uses energy to construct components of cells.
Catabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Breaks down organic matter, for example, to harvest
energy.
Nutrient Density - CORRECT ANSWER - A measure of the nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content.
Trace Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - Needed only in tiny amounts.
These minerals participate in most chemical reactions in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese.
Protein Complementation - CORRECT ANSWER - The act of consuming a variety of
plant products to provide all the necessary protein components.
Essential Fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids.
May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil.
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations
within the cells of living organisms.
,Mitochondrial Matrix - CORRECT ANSWER - The compartment of the mitochondrion
enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle.
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-proton)
gradient.
Falsifiability - CORRECT ANSWER - Capable of being tested by experiment or
observation.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER - A system of membranes that is found in
a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in
the production of lipids.
Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER
Lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER - A small, round cell structure containing chemicals
that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - Biological catalysts that work by lowering the
activation energy for a reaction, thus dramatically increasing the rate of the reaction.
Oxidation - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical change in which a substance combines
with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
Entropy - CORRECT ANSWER - A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness.
Breaking down.
,Villi - CORRECT ANSWER - Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase
the surface area for absorption.
Calor - CORRECT ANSWER - Mass(Velocity)
Calorimetry - CORRECT ANSWER - Direct and indirect are used to measure quantities of
heat.
Gross Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - The total energy intake in the diet.
Metabolizable Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Digestible energy minus fecal and urinary
energy.
Basal Metabolic Rate - CORRECT ANSWER - Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting, starvation, malnutrition,
fever, hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass
Pair-feeding - CORRECT ANSWER - An experimental method in which food intake or
energy (calorie) intake are limited to become same between animal groups and to exclude effects
in the animals by differences of food (energy) intake.
Turnover - CORRECT ANSWER - The movement of something into, through and out of a
place, the rate at which a thing is depleted and replaced.
Thyroxine - CORRECT ANSWER - The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland,
acting to increase metabolic rate and so regulating growth and development. Affects BMR.
, Adaptive Thermogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Heat production, shivering, excess heat
from overeating, adaption to trauma, stress, very different for different people, not usually
included in energy calculations.
W^(3/4) - CORRECT ANSWER - Metabolic rate is proportional to weight (kg) to the 3/4
power
Lumen - CORRECT ANSWER - A cavity or passage in a tubular organ.
Cephalic - CORRECT ANSWER - Pertaining to the head.
Autonomic - CORRECT ANSWER - A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system.
Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.
Sensory Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Specialized cells that react to external stimuli.
Enteric Neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - The enteric nervous system or intrinsic nervous
system is one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system and consists of a mesh-like
system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal system.
Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER - The movements of ions and molecules across a
cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Microvilli - CORRECT ANSWER - Fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane of apical
epithelial cells, increase surface area, aid in absorbtion, exist on every moist epithelia, but most
dense in small intestine and kidney
Crypt - CORRECT ANSWER - A small tubular gland, pit, or recess.
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Anabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Uses energy to construct components of cells.
Catabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - Breaks down organic matter, for example, to harvest
energy.
Nutrient Density - CORRECT ANSWER - A measure of the nutrient a food provides
compared to its energy content.
Trace Minerals - CORRECT ANSWER - Needed only in tiny amounts.
These minerals participate in most chemical reactions in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese.
Protein Complementation - CORRECT ANSWER - The act of consuming a variety of
plant products to provide all the necessary protein components.
Essential Fatty Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids.
May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil.
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations
within the cells of living organisms.
,Mitochondrial Matrix - CORRECT ANSWER - The compartment of the mitochondrion
enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle.
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-proton)
gradient.
Falsifiability - CORRECT ANSWER - Capable of being tested by experiment or
observation.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER - A system of membranes that is found in
a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in
the production of lipids.
Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER
Lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER - A small, round cell structure containing chemicals
that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER - Biological catalysts that work by lowering the
activation energy for a reaction, thus dramatically increasing the rate of the reaction.
Oxidation - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical change in which a substance combines
with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
Entropy - CORRECT ANSWER - A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness.
Breaking down.
,Villi - CORRECT ANSWER - Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase
the surface area for absorption.
Calor - CORRECT ANSWER - Mass(Velocity)
Calorimetry - CORRECT ANSWER - Direct and indirect are used to measure quantities of
heat.
Gross Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - The total energy intake in the diet.
Metabolizable Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - Digestible energy minus fecal and urinary
energy.
Basal Metabolic Rate - CORRECT ANSWER - Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting, starvation, malnutrition,
fever, hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass
Pair-feeding - CORRECT ANSWER - An experimental method in which food intake or
energy (calorie) intake are limited to become same between animal groups and to exclude effects
in the animals by differences of food (energy) intake.
Turnover - CORRECT ANSWER - The movement of something into, through and out of a
place, the rate at which a thing is depleted and replaced.
Thyroxine - CORRECT ANSWER - The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland,
acting to increase metabolic rate and so regulating growth and development. Affects BMR.
, Adaptive Thermogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Heat production, shivering, excess heat
from overeating, adaption to trauma, stress, very different for different people, not usually
included in energy calculations.
W^(3/4) - CORRECT ANSWER - Metabolic rate is proportional to weight (kg) to the 3/4
power
Lumen - CORRECT ANSWER - A cavity or passage in a tubular organ.
Cephalic - CORRECT ANSWER - Pertaining to the head.
Autonomic - CORRECT ANSWER - A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system.
Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.
Sensory Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Specialized cells that react to external stimuli.
Enteric Neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - The enteric nervous system or intrinsic nervous
system is one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system and consists of a mesh-like
system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal system.
Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER - The movements of ions and molecules across a
cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Microvilli - CORRECT ANSWER - Fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane of apical
epithelial cells, increase surface area, aid in absorbtion, exist on every moist epithelia, but most
dense in small intestine and kidney
Crypt - CORRECT ANSWER - A small tubular gland, pit, or recess.
