PHIL 101 EXAM 1 LUPHER JMU STUDY QUESTIONS
metaphysics - Answers - Part of philosophy that attempts to describe in very general
terms what there is
true belief... - Answers - not the same thing as knowledge
philosophical skepticism - Answers - The view that we know much less than we think we
do or nothing at all.
what is the relationship between mind and body - Answers - possibly identical
(superman clark Kent)
dualism - Answers - mind and body are separate
subjective realm - Answers - one human mind disagreeing with another, clashes of
opinion
objective realm - Answers - can be observed, measured, and verified, facts exist
independently
common sense - Answers - our senses provide each of us with knowledge of the world
we inhabit
solipsism - Answers - the idea that the mind is the only thing that exists
isaac newton - Answers - Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion
of the universe, natural philosophy, what we think we know of science
William Whewell - Answers - Coined the term "Uniformitarianism", invented the term
scientist, People used to think philosophy and science went hand in hand but now it's
said to be more associated with psychology
philosophy is... - Answers - always changing, can never fully be described
mystical guru model - Answers - what philosophy is not, Making deep and mysterious
pronouncements off the top of your head that sound very important but that are hard to
make sense of when you try to think about them clearly
philosophy addresses... - Answers - the most fundamental beliefs that we have about
ourselves and the world we inhabit
Help us identify assumptions and evaluate them
Constructing and evaluating arguments
two parts of an argument - Answers - premises and conclusion
, premise and conclusion are... - Answers - statements each expressed by a declarative
sentence being either true or false
premise - Answers - reasons used to back up an argument, assumptions
conclusion - Answers - statement to establish an argument
good argument includes - Answers - rationally persuasive, true premises, premises
related to conclusion
rationally persuasive - Answers - gives you substantial reasons to believe conclusion is
true, can connive people but doesn't always mean conclusion is true
true premises - Answers - good reasons to believe conclusion is true
Ethical Subjectivism - Answers - moral judgements are merely true for the persons
making them, Philosophical thesis that there are no ethical facts, only ethical opinions
Scientific Opinion - Answers - science and subjective realm
scientific facts - Answers - science and objective realm
ethical opinions - Answers - ethics and subjective realm
ethical facts - Answers - ethics and objective realm
Utilitarianism - Answers - The action you should perform in a given situation is the one
the will produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of individuals
four central philosophical problems - Answers - God, knowledge, mind, and ethics
fundamental questions of justification - Answers - Things we believe without hesitation
or reflection
Some may believe it as common sense
two categories of good arguments - Answers - deductively valid and non deductively
valid
non deductively valid - Answers - abductively strong and inductively strong
inductively strong (inference to the best explanation) - Answers - assuming all the
premises are true, the conclusion could be false, but is still more likely to be true than
false.
metaphysics - Answers - Part of philosophy that attempts to describe in very general
terms what there is
true belief... - Answers - not the same thing as knowledge
philosophical skepticism - Answers - The view that we know much less than we think we
do or nothing at all.
what is the relationship between mind and body - Answers - possibly identical
(superman clark Kent)
dualism - Answers - mind and body are separate
subjective realm - Answers - one human mind disagreeing with another, clashes of
opinion
objective realm - Answers - can be observed, measured, and verified, facts exist
independently
common sense - Answers - our senses provide each of us with knowledge of the world
we inhabit
solipsism - Answers - the idea that the mind is the only thing that exists
isaac newton - Answers - Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion
of the universe, natural philosophy, what we think we know of science
William Whewell - Answers - Coined the term "Uniformitarianism", invented the term
scientist, People used to think philosophy and science went hand in hand but now it's
said to be more associated with psychology
philosophy is... - Answers - always changing, can never fully be described
mystical guru model - Answers - what philosophy is not, Making deep and mysterious
pronouncements off the top of your head that sound very important but that are hard to
make sense of when you try to think about them clearly
philosophy addresses... - Answers - the most fundamental beliefs that we have about
ourselves and the world we inhabit
Help us identify assumptions and evaluate them
Constructing and evaluating arguments
two parts of an argument - Answers - premises and conclusion
, premise and conclusion are... - Answers - statements each expressed by a declarative
sentence being either true or false
premise - Answers - reasons used to back up an argument, assumptions
conclusion - Answers - statement to establish an argument
good argument includes - Answers - rationally persuasive, true premises, premises
related to conclusion
rationally persuasive - Answers - gives you substantial reasons to believe conclusion is
true, can connive people but doesn't always mean conclusion is true
true premises - Answers - good reasons to believe conclusion is true
Ethical Subjectivism - Answers - moral judgements are merely true for the persons
making them, Philosophical thesis that there are no ethical facts, only ethical opinions
Scientific Opinion - Answers - science and subjective realm
scientific facts - Answers - science and objective realm
ethical opinions - Answers - ethics and subjective realm
ethical facts - Answers - ethics and objective realm
Utilitarianism - Answers - The action you should perform in a given situation is the one
the will produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of individuals
four central philosophical problems - Answers - God, knowledge, mind, and ethics
fundamental questions of justification - Answers - Things we believe without hesitation
or reflection
Some may believe it as common sense
two categories of good arguments - Answers - deductively valid and non deductively
valid
non deductively valid - Answers - abductively strong and inductively strong
inductively strong (inference to the best explanation) - Answers - assuming all the
premises are true, the conclusion could be false, but is still more likely to be true than
false.
