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Nursing Research: Methods and
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Table of Contents
PART I. OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
Research Vignette
1. Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes
2. Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
3. Gathering and Appraising the Literature
4. Theoretical Frameworks for Research
PART II. PROCESSES AND EVIDENCE RELATED TO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Research Vignette
5. Introduction to Qualitative Research
6. Qualitative Approaches to Research
7. Appraising Qualitative Research
PART III. PROCESSES AND EVIDENCE RELATED TO QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Research Vignette
8. Introduction to Quantitative Research
9. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
10. Nonexperimental Designs
11. Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines
12. Sampling
13. Legal and Ethical Issues
14. Data Collection Methods
15. Reliability and Validity
16. Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
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17. Understanding Research Findings
18. Appraising Quantitative Research
PART IV. APPLICATION OF RESEARCH: EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
Research Vignette
19. Strategies and Tools for Developing an Evidence-Based Practice
20. Developing an Evidence-Based Practice
21. Quality Improvement
Ch. 1 Evolution of Nursing Thought and Action Pg. 3-11
Nursing Images throughout history
The Angel of Mercy- is serene and content, is usually shown with a halo or other
religious symbol. Until 100 years ago, nurses cared for patients at great risks to
themselves. Even as recently as the 1950’s, antibiotics were not readily available, and
the chief cause of mortality was infectious disease.
-History demonstrates a strong link between nursing and religious orders.
- The values of service and devotion to the patient faded along with the influence of
Christianity during the 14th to the 16th centuries (renaissance)
The Handmaiden- This stereotype portrays the male physician as the dominant role, this
perception of nursing has changed with nurses doing more collaboration, planning and
providing care not only the direction of the physicians but also along with them.
- Although the handmaiden image was more widespread in the past, even then not all
nurses considered themselves to be subservient to physicians
The Battle-Ax- the nurse at the “torturer”, treating her patients with cruelty and disdain.
Care giving activities contribute to the persistence of the battle-ax image- drawing blood,
giving injections….
The naughty nurse- the sexy nurse image arose in the 20th century with burlesque
shows.
The Military Image – nurses are portrayed in uniform providing support at the
battlefield
Hospitalers- specialized soldiers during the crusade who at the end of battle returned to
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the outposts to care for the sick and injured
Describe the role of religion in the development of nursing.
In Eygpt, ancient Greece and Rome, temples were health centers as well as places of
worship. Nurses started off in monasteries but moved to hospitals due to persecution.
Ancient writings describe nursing responsibilities/attributes to include: knowledge of
the preparation, compounding, and administration of drugs, wisdom, purity and
devotion to the patient.
The association of nursing with religion has not always been positive
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