A4M Board Review Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)

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A4M Board Review Questions and Correct
Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
Question: Leptin (high serum leptin correlated with increased fat

stores/weight gain; also seen in IR bec brain not responding to leptin

signals so keep eating->wt gain)


Ans: hormone that suppresses appetite, produced in fat cells, epithelium and
stomach, acts on receptors in hypothalamus to tell it "I'm full, stop eating", also
stimulates gnRH, LH, FSH from ant. pituitary



Question: Glucagon


Ans: lipolytic, activates triglyceride lipase in adipose tissue via cAMP, causes
increased blood levels of fatty acids & glycerol



Question: BMR


Ans: amount of daily energy expended while at rest, only enough energy is
produced for vital organ functioning, as it increases, the # of mitochondria in the
body increases as well



Question: Resveratrol




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Ans: binds to and stimulates Sir2 sirtuin enzyme mimicking the effect of caloric
restriction on longevity; it modulates insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscles,
it inhibits gene expression profiles associated with skeletal and cardiac mm aging



Question: CRP


Ans: what inflammatory marker is inversely correlated to bone mineral density



Question: True


Ans: T or F: in both men and women, GH reduces cortical osteocalcin; thus it
increases trabecular and cortical bone content



Question: DHEA


Ans: This hormone affects immune function by increasing monocytes, increasing
IGF1, incr B cells, incr T cell mitogenic response, incr cells expression of IL2 & IL3,
thus fuctionally activating T lymphocytes; most abundant hormone in the body;
inhibits breast cancer progression, prevents blood clots, decreases bone loss,
increases memory, increases lean body mass; produced by cholesterol



Question: Cortisol


Ans: only hormone that increases with age, involved in stress response, increases
BP, BGlucose, suppresses immune function



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Question: somatostatin


Ans: inhibits release of GH and TSH, decreases gastric emptying, inhibits GI
hormones



Question: IGF1


Ans: active mediator of FH



Question: potassium


Ans: this mineral decreases BP, prevents MI, lowers risk of stroke, may help
prevent DM 2 if taken with thiazide diuretic which causes its deficiency



Question: calcium


Ans: this mineral important for strong bones and teeth, regulates mm
contraction and relaxation, maintains acid/alkaline pH of body



Question: magnesium


Ans: acts as mild Ca-antagonist on vascular smooth muscle



Question: false (not smoking or exercise)



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Ans: True or False: Triglyceridemia commonly caused by diabetes, insulin
resistance, smoking, obesity, exercise



Question: false


Ans: True or false: Protein intake raises BP



Question: Omega 9


Ans: neutral inflammatory, are MUFA that improve NO and decrease ROS; lowers
LDL but does NOT raise HDL



Question: PUFA


Ans: PUFA or MUFA lower LDl and raise HDL?



Question: Omega 3


Ans: anti-iflammatory, increases NO and improves insulin sensitivity, lowers BP,
increases glucose uptake, increases glycogen storage, decreases plasma NE, directs
fatty acids away from storage and to oxidation



Question: Omega 6




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