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PSY 250- Quiz
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Chapter 1
1. Which of the following is true of the relationship between hypotheses and
theories?
a. Hypotheses are used to determine if a theory is accurate
2. Dr. Stewart is an editor of a psychology journal. She wants to ensure that re-
viewers give honest reviews of the papers they are asked to read. Which of
the following could she do to increase the likelihood of honest feedback?
a. Make sure the identity of peer reviewers is unknown
3. Peer-reviewed scientific journals and magazines are similar in all the following
ways EXCEPT
a. Both tend to publish peer-reviewed articles
4. Name three types of research data or information that people are exposed to
everyday, even if they are not psychologists
a. Books, social media, other people
5. Which of the following is NOT an example of applied research?
a. A cognitive psychologist who examines people’s ability to distinguish
between colors based on light exposure
6. In Harry Harlow’s studies on monkeys and attachment, he concluded that
1 A. HYPOTHESES A RE U SED TO DETE RMINE I F A THEO RY IS A CCU RATE!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@!#!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!111
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a. Monkeys preferred touch to substance until feeding was necessary
7. Although Elliot’s experiment, that looked at red vs. other color booklet colors
as well as ID numbers and other variations, is a good example of all five pro-
cesses that shape psychological science, the author used Elliot’s study as an
example of which one of the five processes?
a. Psychological scientists dig deeper to pursue answers
8. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research
a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire
9. Which of the following statements is falsifiable?
a. Children in the north are significantly less happy than those in the
south
10. Susan’s hypothesis was not completely supported by her data. What does
this mean?
a. The theory may need to be amended
11. Which of the following is the reason that scientific journals use peer review?
a. It ensures that the studies published are of the highest quality
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12. According to the TED Talks video by Ben Goldachre on Battling Bad Science,
how is it that industries are testing and showing products such as pharmaceu-
ticals as better than old drugs on the market?
a. All of these are how industry is able to market new drugs
13.According to the theory-data cycle, which of the following would be a good
first step once you’ve determined your theory regarding, for example, why
children exhibit aggressive behaviors?
a. Determine questions that you would like to research related to your
theory
14. Deci and Ryan made a general statement that individuals have three needs
that are related to growth and fulfillment. This is an example of which
a. A theory
15. Of the studies presented in chapter 1, including Ariely’s study on cheating,
which was used to demonstrate how journalists can misrepresent research?
a. The Mozart Effect
Chapter 2
1. Which of the following is not a place where psychological scientists publish
their research?
a. Popular magazines
2. What does it mean to say that research is probabilistic?
a. Research conclusions are meant to explain a certain proportion of pos-
sible cases, but not all possible cases.
3. Go to the Kresge online library. Search for the journal article, The Teenage
Brain: Sensitivity to Rewards. In what journal is this article published?
a. Current Directions in Psychological Science
4. Go to the Kresge online library and search under Databases by Subject. How
many databases are recommended for Psychology?
a. 9
5. When is it a good idea to base conclusions on the advice of authorities?
a. When authorities have conducted the research on which their advice is
based, by systematically and objectively comparing different condi-
tions
6. Which of the following is the term used in psychology to describe a person
who is an actor playing a specific role as part of an experiment?
a. Confederate
7. Go to PsychInfo online and search the variable "self-esteem". How many hits
or potential responses did you get?
a. 42,977
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8. After two students from his school commit suicide, Marcelino concludes that
the most likely cause of death in teenagers is suicide. In fact, suicide is not
the most likely cause of death in teens. What happened?
a. Marcelino was probably influenced by the availability heuristic; he was
too influenced by cases that came easily to mind
9. Basing our conclusions on personal experience is faulty because experience
has confounds. In this context, a confound means
a. In real-world experiences, more than one thing changes at the same
time
10. A school district decides to compare a new math textbook to the textbook
that has been in use for the past few years. Each of the fourth graders in one
school is assigned to be in one of two classes, one in which a teacher contin-
ues using the old book and another in which a new teacher uses the new
book. The school administrators compare the average scores of the two
classes on a mathematics standardized test at the end of the year to deter-
mine which book is better. Which of the following is a potential confound in
this study?
a. The teachers are using different textbooks
Chapter 3
1. Marvin reads a journalistic report of a research study and asks, “How strong was the ef-
fect?” Which validity is Marvin asking about?
a. Statistical validity
2. Heather reads an article entitled, “Waist Circumference Associated with Life Ex-
pectancy.” She wants to use the correlation reported in the article to predict her own life
expectancy based on her waist circumference. What kind of correlation would be best for
her to make this prediction?
a. A strong positive correlation
3. Anderson is reading his morning paper and sees the following headline: “Female Engi-
neering Majors’ Effort on Math Problems Depends on Sex of Role Model.” (This head-
line is based on a study conducted by Stout, Dasgupta, Hunsinger, and McManus, 2011.)
In the study, female students were asked by either a male math major or a femalte math
major to complete a math test. Female students tried to solve more of the math problems
when asked by a female math major than they did when asked by a male math major.
How many variables are mentioned in this study/headline?
a. Two
4. Which of the following questions addresses construct validity?
a. How well has the researcher measured or manipulated the variables in the study?
5. Which of the following is NOT an operational definition of stress?
a. Feelings of anxiousness and pressure
6. For an association claim, you should interrogate all of the following validities EXCEPT
a. Internal
7. Dr. Kang, a cognitive psychologist, conducts an experiment examining the effect of emo-
tion on memory. He provides lists of 15 words to two groups of participants at his univer-
sity. He puts the names of all the participants in a hat. The first 20 names he assigns to
Group A, and the last 20 he assigns to Group B. Group A is given a list of words that are
very emotional in content (e.g. passion, murder). Group B is given a list of words that are
neutral in content (e.g. houseplant, desk). He then measures how many words each group
is able to remember after being distracted for 5 minutes by watching a video about the
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