PENN Foster Veterinary
Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
With 100% Correct Verified Answers
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - ANS ✔ - Drugs affect the nervous system by acting
at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them
from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs - ANS ✔ - Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives,
bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - ANS ✔ - nsaids, Opioids,
Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation? - ANS ✔ - Regurgitation is a normal
process of ruminant’s that allows them to re-masticate food. Vomiting is a forcible expulsion of
gastric contents and is generally considered to be pathologic
What are the basic control mechanisms of the GI tract - ANS ✔ - The ANS, hormonal control, and
chemical control.
What is the significance of the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the GI tract - ANS ✔ - They
increase the permeability of intestinal blood vessels, resulting in increased fluid loss. Can also
induce fever and initiate shock.
The CRTZ simulates vomiting when activated by - ANS ✔ - Chemical substances (digitalis
compounds, urea, ketone bodies, and others)
List two examples of centrally acting emetics and two examples of peripherally acting emetics. -
ANS ✔ - Centrally acting= Apomorphine and xylazine.
Peripherally acting= syrup of ipecac and mustard
Drugs that inhibit vomiting are called____ - ANS ✔ - antiemetics
,H2 Receptor antagonists promote the healing of GI ulcers by - ANS ✔ - Reducing the secretion of
hydrochloric acid by gastric mucosal cells by binding to H2 receptors
List two H2 receptor antagonists. - ANS ✔ - cimetidine, ranitidine
What are the two types of intestinal motility patterns? - ANS ✔ - Peristalsis (wave of contraction),
segmentation (mixing action)
Acute vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and cats often respond to conservative management such as -
ANS ✔ - Witholding food for 12 to 24 hours
List two species that do not vomit - ANS ✔ - rats and horses
What is the mechanism of action of saline/hyperosmotic laxatives? - ANS ✔ - Retaining water
osmotically in the gut. Cause softening of the stool.
What is the active ingredient of Metamucil? - ANS ✔ - psyllium
Direct cholinergic drugs stimulate the GI tract by what mechanism? - ANS ✔ - My mimicking the
effect pf acetylcholine
A synthetic antibiotic/anti-inflammatory agent used to treat giardiasis and anaerobic bacterial
infection in animals is called _____ - ANS ✔ - Metronidazole
List four products that used as a dentifrice/oral cleansing agents - ANS ✔ - C.E.T, nolvadent, oral
Dent, Oxydent
What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation? - ANS ✔ - Peristalsis-Wave on
contraction that moves contents along
Segmentation- intestinal contractions that mix contents
Stimulation of the parasympathetic portion of the ANS decreases intestinal motility T/F - ANS ✔ -
False
,About what percent of the stomach's contents do emetics usually remove? - ANS ✔ - 80%
How does sucralfate work to treat/prevent gastric ulcers? - ANS ✔ - By forming a paste-like barrier
over the surface of gastric ulcers
Bismuth subsalicylate compounds should be used with caution in what species? - ANS ✔ - Felines
List basic functions of the GI system. - ANS ✔ - Intake food and fluid into the body, absorption of
nutrients and fluids, excretion of waste products.
What species has no gallbladder? - ANS ✔ - Equines
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - ANS ✔ - Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites
or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent
them from moving.
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control - ANS ✔ - keeping the staff informed
regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be released from
the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock
correctly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing inventory for ease of location and
counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about
new products.
Define: Agonist - ANS ✔ - Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Define: Contraindication - ANS ✔ - A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy - ANS ✔ - the degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Define: Over-the-counter drug - ANS ✔ - One that may be purchased without prescription from a
veterinarian
Define: Prescription Drug - ANS ✔ - One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina
, Define: Receptor - ANS ✔ - a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to
produce an effect
Define: Therapeutic Index - ANS ✔ - expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and
harmful effects
Define: Withdrawl Time - ANS ✔ - Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug
therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - ANS ✔ - Relationship that must exist between the
vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - ANS ✔ - Animal product, plant material, minerals,
synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - ANS ✔ - Dose, route, frequency, and duration of
administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship can
be shown to exist - ANS ✔ - 1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in
relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders - ANS ✔ - To carry out
the vet's orders correctly. Should read the drug label three times to ensure proper drug is being
administered and should take care to administer correct dose by correct route. Should be aware of
the expected affects and potential adverse side effects and be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion - ANS ✔ -
Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the
blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves
circulation and enters interstitial fluid. It bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface
receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters
circulation, and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to
kidneys for excretion.
Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
With 100% Correct Verified Answers
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - ANS ✔ - Drugs affect the nervous system by acting
at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their actions, or block them
from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs - ANS ✔ - Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives,
bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - ANS ✔ - nsaids, Opioids,
Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation? - ANS ✔ - Regurgitation is a normal
process of ruminant’s that allows them to re-masticate food. Vomiting is a forcible expulsion of
gastric contents and is generally considered to be pathologic
What are the basic control mechanisms of the GI tract - ANS ✔ - The ANS, hormonal control, and
chemical control.
What is the significance of the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the GI tract - ANS ✔ - They
increase the permeability of intestinal blood vessels, resulting in increased fluid loss. Can also
induce fever and initiate shock.
The CRTZ simulates vomiting when activated by - ANS ✔ - Chemical substances (digitalis
compounds, urea, ketone bodies, and others)
List two examples of centrally acting emetics and two examples of peripherally acting emetics. -
ANS ✔ - Centrally acting= Apomorphine and xylazine.
Peripherally acting= syrup of ipecac and mustard
Drugs that inhibit vomiting are called____ - ANS ✔ - antiemetics
,H2 Receptor antagonists promote the healing of GI ulcers by - ANS ✔ - Reducing the secretion of
hydrochloric acid by gastric mucosal cells by binding to H2 receptors
List two H2 receptor antagonists. - ANS ✔ - cimetidine, ranitidine
What are the two types of intestinal motility patterns? - ANS ✔ - Peristalsis (wave of contraction),
segmentation (mixing action)
Acute vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and cats often respond to conservative management such as -
ANS ✔ - Witholding food for 12 to 24 hours
List two species that do not vomit - ANS ✔ - rats and horses
What is the mechanism of action of saline/hyperosmotic laxatives? - ANS ✔ - Retaining water
osmotically in the gut. Cause softening of the stool.
What is the active ingredient of Metamucil? - ANS ✔ - psyllium
Direct cholinergic drugs stimulate the GI tract by what mechanism? - ANS ✔ - My mimicking the
effect pf acetylcholine
A synthetic antibiotic/anti-inflammatory agent used to treat giardiasis and anaerobic bacterial
infection in animals is called _____ - ANS ✔ - Metronidazole
List four products that used as a dentifrice/oral cleansing agents - ANS ✔ - C.E.T, nolvadent, oral
Dent, Oxydent
What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation? - ANS ✔ - Peristalsis-Wave on
contraction that moves contents along
Segmentation- intestinal contractions that mix contents
Stimulation of the parasympathetic portion of the ANS decreases intestinal motility T/F - ANS ✔ -
False
,About what percent of the stomach's contents do emetics usually remove? - ANS ✔ - 80%
How does sucralfate work to treat/prevent gastric ulcers? - ANS ✔ - By forming a paste-like barrier
over the surface of gastric ulcers
Bismuth subsalicylate compounds should be used with caution in what species? - ANS ✔ - Felines
List basic functions of the GI system. - ANS ✔ - Intake food and fluid into the body, absorption of
nutrients and fluids, excretion of waste products.
What species has no gallbladder? - ANS ✔ - Equines
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - ANS ✔ - Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites
or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to prevent
them from moving.
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control - ANS ✔ - keeping the staff informed
regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be released from
the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired items), rotating stock
correctly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing inventory for ease of location and
counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about
new products.
Define: Agonist - ANS ✔ - Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Define: Contraindication - ANS ✔ - A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy - ANS ✔ - the degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Define: Over-the-counter drug - ANS ✔ - One that may be purchased without prescription from a
veterinarian
Define: Prescription Drug - ANS ✔ - One that must be used under the supervision of a veterinarina
, Define: Receptor - ANS ✔ - a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug to
produce an effect
Define: Therapeutic Index - ANS ✔ - expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and
harmful effects
Define: Withdrawl Time - ANS ✔ - Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug
therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - ANS ✔ - Relationship that must exist between the
vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - ANS ✔ - Animal product, plant material, minerals,
synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - ANS ✔ - Dose, route, frequency, and duration of
administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship can
be shown to exist - ANS ✔ - 1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgments in
relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders - ANS ✔ - To carry out
the vet's orders correctly. Should read the drug label three times to ensure proper drug is being
administered and should take care to administer correct dose by correct route. Should be aware of
the expected affects and potential adverse side effects and be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion - ANS ✔ -
Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with plasma in the
blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to capillary level where it leaves
circulation and enters interstitial fluid. It bathes the cell and allows drug to bind to cell surface
receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters
circulation, and is transported to liver for metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to
kidneys for excretion.
