,TEST BANK FOR
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for`Disease in Adults`and Childre
n 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
Chapter 1-49
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement`best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a` Cells can produce proteins`
b` Cells can secrete digestive enzymes`
c` Cells can take in`and use nutrients`
d` Cells can synthesize fats`
ANS; C
In`metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other`substances from their surrou
ndings` The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absor
ption`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a` Mitochondria
b` Ribosome
c` Nucleolus
d` Lysosome
ANS; C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely`of RNA, most`of`t
he cellular DNA, and the DNA-
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity` The mitochondria are respons
ible for`cellular`respiration and energy production`
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular`protein synthesis` Lysosomes function
as the intracellular`digestive`system`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which`component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide`(H2O2) by`using oxygen to remove hy
drogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a` Lysosomes
b` Peroxisomes
c` Ribosomes
d` Endosome
ANS; B
, Peroxisomes are`so named because they usually`contain enzymes that use oxygen to`remove`hyd
rogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a pow
erful oxidant and potentially destructive if it`accumulates or escapes from`peroxisomes` Riboso
mes are RNA-
protein`complexes (nucleoproteins) that`are synthesized in`the nucleolus and`secreted into the
cy toplasm through pores in the nuclear`envelope`called nuclear pore complexes` Lysosomes
are sa clike structures that`originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive
enzym es called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates` An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from`the
cellular`membrane`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which`cell component is capable of cellular`autodigestion when it is released during cell inj
ury?
a` Ribosome
b` Golgi complex
c` Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d` Lysosomes
ANS; D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes wi
thin the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing`their`leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix` Disr
uption of the membrane by`various treatments or cellular injury`leads to`a release of the lysosom
al enzymes, which`can then react with`their`specific substrates, causing cellular`self-
digestion` The chief function of a`ribosome is to provide sites for`cellular`protein`synthesis` The
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often`located near the
cell nucleus` The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
removing`toxic substances from the cell`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a` Increased heart`rate and force of`contraction
b` Secretion of cortisol
c` Increased retention of`water
d` Breakdown of fat
ANS; C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body` Epinephrine causes increases
in heart rate and force of contraction` Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH` Breakdown of`fat i
s due to glucagon`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. During`which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a` G1
b` S
c` G2
d` M
ANS; B
, The four`designated phases of`the cell cycle are: (1) the`G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period b
etween the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
= synthesis), during which`DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during whic
h`RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion`of`DNA synthesis and t
he next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear`and cytoplasmic division`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
7. What`organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by`acting`as re
ceptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a` Lipids
b` Proteases
c` Proteins
d` Carbohydrates
ANS; C
Proteins have several functions, including`acting as receptors, transport`channels for`electrolytes
, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding cell membranes togeth
er` Proteases cause`the breakdown of protein` Carbohydrates are involved in cellular`protection a
nd lubrication`and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
8. Understanding the various steps of`proteolytic cascades maybe useful in designing`drug th
erapy`for`which human diseases?
a` Cardiac and vascular`disorders
b` Autoimmune and malignant`disorders
c` Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d` Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS; B
Understanding the various steps involved`in this process is crucial for`designing drug interventi
ons` Dysregulation of proteases features prominently`in manyhuman diseases, including`cancer
, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders` Cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and
endocrine disorders do not involve this process`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
9. Which`structure prevents water-
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
a` Carbohydrate chains
b` Glycoprotein channels
c` Membrane channel proteins
d` Lipid bilayer
ANS; D
McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology The Biologic Basis for`Disease in Adults`and Childre
n 9th Edition by Julia Rogers
Chapter 1-49
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement`best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a` Cells can produce proteins`
b` Cells can secrete digestive enzymes`
c` Cells can take in`and use nutrients`
d` Cells can synthesize fats`
ANS; C
In`metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other`substances from their surrou
ndings` The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absor
ption`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a` Mitochondria
b` Ribosome
c` Nucleolus
d` Lysosome
ANS; C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely`of RNA, most`of`t
he cellular DNA, and the DNA-
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity` The mitochondria are respons
ible for`cellular`respiration and energy production`
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular`protein synthesis` Lysosomes function
as the intracellular`digestive`system`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which`component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide`(H2O2) by`using oxygen to remove hy
drogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a` Lysosomes
b` Peroxisomes
c` Ribosomes
d` Endosome
ANS; B
, Peroxisomes are`so named because they usually`contain enzymes that use oxygen to`remove`hyd
rogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a pow
erful oxidant and potentially destructive if it`accumulates or escapes from`peroxisomes` Riboso
mes are RNA-
protein`complexes (nucleoproteins) that`are synthesized in`the nucleolus and`secreted into the
cy toplasm through pores in the nuclear`envelope`called nuclear pore complexes` Lysosomes
are sa clike structures that`originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive
enzym es called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates` An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from`the
cellular`membrane`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which`cell component is capable of cellular`autodigestion when it is released during cell inj
ury?
a` Ribosome
b` Golgi complex
c` Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d` Lysosomes
ANS; D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes wi
thin the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing`their`leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix` Disr
uption of the membrane by`various treatments or cellular injury`leads to`a release of the lysosom
al enzymes, which`can then react with`their`specific substrates, causing cellular`self-
digestion` The chief function of a`ribosome is to provide sites for`cellular`protein`synthesis` The
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often`located near the
cell nucleus` The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
removing`toxic substances from the cell`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a` Increased heart`rate and force of`contraction
b` Secretion of cortisol
c` Increased retention of`water
d` Breakdown of fat
ANS; C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body` Epinephrine causes increases
in heart rate and force of contraction` Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH` Breakdown of`fat i
s due to glucagon`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. During`which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a` G1
b` S
c` G2
d` M
ANS; B
, The four`designated phases of`the cell cycle are: (1) the`G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period b
etween the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
= synthesis), during which`DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during whic
h`RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion`of`DNA synthesis and t
he next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear`and cytoplasmic division`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
7. What`organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by`acting`as re
ceptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a` Lipids
b` Proteases
c` Proteins
d` Carbohydrates
ANS; C
Proteins have several functions, including`acting as receptors, transport`channels for`electrolytes
, and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the ―glue‖ holding cell membranes togeth
er` Proteases cause`the breakdown of protein` Carbohydrates are involved in cellular`protection a
nd lubrication`and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
8. Understanding the various steps of`proteolytic cascades maybe useful in designing`drug th
erapy`for`which human diseases?
a` Cardiac and vascular`disorders
b` Autoimmune and malignant`disorders
c` Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d` Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS; B
Understanding the various steps involved`in this process is crucial for`designing drug interventi
ons` Dysregulation of proteases features prominently`in manyhuman diseases, including`cancer
, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders` Cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and
endocrine disorders do not involve this process`
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
9. Which`structure prevents water-
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
a` Carbohydrate chains
b` Glycoprotein channels
c` Membrane channel proteins
d` Lipid bilayer
ANS; D
